Abstract: A method for recognizing errors in a communication system in the form of a LIN bus system. The method includes: initiating a transmission of at least one data packet by a primary appliance of the communication system to at least one secondary appliance of the communication system; receiving at least one status message from a transmitter-receiver of the communication system; evaluating the at least one received status message with regard to an error upon receipt of a response data packet in response to the at least one transmitted data packet; recognizing an error based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Anti-icing stacks for protecting an aerodynamic surface are described. In some embodiments, an anti-icing stack includes an anti-icing layer, an elastomeric erosion protection layer, and an additional layer. The erosion protection layer is disposed between the anti-icing layer and the additional layer. The additional layer has a thickness greater than the thickness of the erosion protection layer and a tensile modulus of no more than the tensile modulus of the erosion protection layer. The additional layer may be a foam adhesive layer.

Abstract: Anti-icing stacks for protecting an aerodynamic surface are described. In some embodiments, an anti-icing stack includes an anti-icing layer, an elastomeric erosion protection layer, and an additional layer. The erosion protection layer is disposed between the anti-icing layer and the additional layer. The additional layer has a thickness greater than the thickness of the erosion protection layer and a tensile modulus of no more than the tensile modulus of the erosion protection layer. The additional layer may be a foam adhesive layer.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: Anti-icing stacks for protecting an aerodynamic surface are described. In some embodiments, an anti-icing stack includes an anti-icing layer, an elastomeric erosion protection layer, and an additional layer. The erosion protection layer is disposed between the anti-icing layer and the additional layer. The additional layer has a thickness greater than the thickness of the erosion protection layer and a tensile modulus of no more than the tensile modulus of the erosion protection layer. The additional layer may be a foam adhesive layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a color-changing composition comprising: a) a dye selected from the group consisting of metal complexes, wherein the metal complexes comprise: i. a central ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper; and ii. chelate ligands having heteroaromatic structures; b) an adhesive composition; c) optionally, a curable polymer resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, vinyl resins, and any combinations or mixtures thereof; wherein the color-changing composition has an initial color and is capable of changing color to a final color upon contacting a curable composition comprising one or more curing agents and a curable polymer resin; wherein the one or more curing agents are suitable to cure the curable polymer resin; and wherein the initial color is different from the final color.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A hybrid metal-composite drive shaft unit, which comprises at least one metal drive shaft connector that is at least partly embedded into a composite drive shaft, the composite drive shaft comprising a thermoplastic polymer and being connected to the at least one metal drive shaft connector by means of a welded connection that defines a first load path for transmission of loads between the at least one metal drive shaft connector and the composite drive shaft, the at least one metal drive shaft connector and the composite drive shaft comprising, in the region of the welded connection, at least partly a polygonal cross-sectional shape for forming a form-fit connection that defines a second load path for transmission of loads between the composite drive shaft and the at least one metal drive shaft connector.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A welding method for producing an integral bond of fiber-reinforced plastics parts includes a welding head penetrating one of the plastics parts. The method includes reinforcing at least a first plastics part by a plurality of directional fibers. The re-inforcing fibers reorient themselves within the connection region without severing or breaking.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A component includes at least first and second plastics component parts which are interconnected in a connection zone. A reinforcing element includes at least one wire which bridges the connection zone. The first and second plastics component parts are welded together and/or are fused together in the connection zone. The plastics component parts may be bonded to one another.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition is described comprising an aqueous liquid medium, fluoropolymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium, and at least one aziridine compound. The aziridine compound comprises at least two aziridine groups (i.e. polyaziridine) or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. In another embodiment, an article is described comprising a substrate wherein a surface of the substrate comprises a coating comprising fluoropolymer particles; and a reaction product of at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups or at least one aziridine group and at least one alkoxy silane group. The coating can be utilized as a primer for bonding a non-fluorinated substrate to a fluoropolymer film and/or the coating can be used as an (e.g. outer exposed) surface layer. In some embodiments, the article may be the (e.g. backside) film of a photovoltaic module.

Abstract: Fluoropolymers containing one or more azide group wherein the azide group is not a sulfonyl-azide group and processes of preparing them.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of purifying a product and recycling water comprising the following steps: (i) providing a crude product comprising at least one low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds wherein the low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds is partially fluorinated and comprises a polar group and/or a reactive group; (ii) extracting the impurity from the product using water to form an extract, (iii) contacting the extract with a radical-forming process to degrade the low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds into carbon dioxide, water, fluorine ions, and optionally cations; and (iv) using the water from step (iii) in step (ii)

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making a fluoropolymer and a method for preparing a fluorinated surfactant.

Abstract: Presently described are methods of making coating comprising aqueous fluoropolymer latex dispersions, aqueous fluoropolymer coating compositions, coated substrates, and (e.g. backside) films of photovoltaic cells. In one embodiment, the film comprises at least one fluoropolymer comprising repeat units derived from VF, VDF, or a combination thereof; inorganic oxide nanoparticles; and a compound that reacts with the repeat units derived from VF and VDF to crosslink the fluoropolymer and/or couple the fluoropolymer to the inorganic oxide nanoparticles. In another embodiment, the backside film comprises at least one fluoropolymer comprising repeat units derived from VF, VDF, or a combination thereof; and an amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent crosslinking compound.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of purifying a product and recycling water comprising the following steps: (i) providing a crude product comprising at least one low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds wherein the low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds is partially fluorinated and comprises a polar group and/or a reactive group; (ii) extracting the impurity from the product using water to form an extract, (iii) contacting the extract with a radical-forming process to degrade the low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds into carbon dioxide, water, fluorine ions, and optionally cations; and (iv) using the water from step (iii) in step (ii)

Abstract: Fluoropolymers containing one or more azide group wherein the azide group is not a sulfonyl-azide group and processes of preparing them.