Abstract: Provided is a forward osmosis membrane-based water treatment system (including water desalination) using a switchable polar solvent as the draw solvent that is switched through the addition and removal of carbon dioxide. Provided is the use of a membrane system that designed to operate within the chemistry and properties of switchable polar solvents to promote water draw through the forward osmosis membrane, and a method of removing and reintroducing carbon dioxide to the switchable solvent.

Abstract: A combined desulphurization and pre-reforming processing unit converts logistic fuels such as JP-5, JP-8, gasoline, and diesel with high sulfur content levels, into a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water without any sulfur or higher hydrocarbons. The fuel is processed at lower temperatures with sulfur-resistant materials in order to break down all the heavy hydrocarbons into methane and carbon oxides while capturing the sulfur simultaneously. The resulting feed is passed to a methane reforming system to generate additional hydrogen with no effects of coking or sulfur poisoning on the reforming system. The unit itself operates in a cyclic manner in order to regenerate the bed.

Abstract: A two phase catalyst is disclosed with one or more transition metals such as Cu, Co, Fe, Ag and Mo supported on a molecular sieve having a pore size not greater than 8 ? along with a stabilizing oxide of one or more of the oxides of Zr, Mo, V, Nb or the rare earths coating the molecular sieve. A method of preparing the two phase catalyst and using same to remediate NOx in combustion gases is also described.

Abstract: This invention discloses a catalyst and process for removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust streams under lean burn conditions using hydrocarbons as the reductant. Catalysts consists of two phases, a metal exchanged molecular sieve and a stabilizing metal oxide associated with the molecular sieve.