Abstract: A sealable and lockable valve box lid assembly provides a water-tight seal between the valve box and ground surface, is capable of supporting heavy downward loads created by vehicle traffic, and has a low vertical profile that is suitable for shallow valve box installations. The lid assembly may be flush with the ground when in a closed position, allowing overhead vehicle traffic to pass over a flat surface.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine. The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: The sealable and lockable valve box lid assembly disclosed herein provides a water-tight seal between the valve box and ground surface, is capable of supporting heavy downward loads created by vehicle traffic, and has a low vertical profile that is suitable for shallow valve box installations.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine. The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine. The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine. The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: A hand warmer pouch in which a tubular cavity lays flat against the body when hands are not inserted into the tubular cavity. The hand warmer pouch can have an elliptical shape with curved ends to provide an ergonomic shape. The outer shell of the hand warmer pouch is formed of a water resistant fabric. The inside of the tubular cavity is formed of an insulation fabric. The ends of the belt can be sewn onto the rear of the hand warmer pouch. A gripping portion can be attached to an inner surface of each end of the belt adjacent to the attached ends.

Abstract: A crankcase explosion relief valve with an external flame trap made from compressed and sintered porous metal powder. Should an explosion take place, the valve plate will lift, allowing the flame front and exhaust gasses to enter the device. The exhaust gasses exit the valve though a circular flame trap made of porous metal. The circular flame trap is of a ribbon shape as to increase the amount of permeable area on the component. Due to the narrow interconnected porosity, flames will not be able to propagate past the porous material, while the exhaust gasses are able to freely pass through. In another embodiment, the porous material component is in the form of a plurality of cups.