Abstract: Among other disclosed subject matter, a method includes providing a user interface allowing the insertion of elements into a document flow comprising static and dynamic elements, the user interface presenting a graphical depiction of the document that is dynamically altered by the insertion of the element, wherein the dynamically altered appearance of the document correctly reflects the position and type of the inserted element and rearranges all existing static and flow elements of the document around the inserted element.

Abstract: Among other disclosed subject matter, a method includes providing a user interface allowing the insertion of elements into a document flow comprising static and dynamic elements, the user interface presenting a graphical depiction of the document that is dynamically altered by the insertion of the element, wherein the dynamically altered appearance of the document correctly reflects the position and type of the inserted element and rearranges all existing static and flow elements of the document around the inserted element.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aryl chloroformate is disclosed that involves the reaction of a phenol with phosgene in the presence of a cyclic urea.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-substituted imidazoles of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, aryl, and C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl,whereina) N-formyl-.alpha.-aminonitriles of the general formula I ##STR2## in which R has the meanings stated above and A stands for carbonyl, are reacted, at a temperature ranging from 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. and a pressure ranging from 20 to 500 bar, with hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts andb) the resulting N-formyl-1,2-diamines of the general formula ##STR3## in which R and A have the meanings stated above and n stands for 0 or 1, are reacted over a cyclization/dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature ranging from 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. and a pressure ranging from 0.001 to 5 bar.

Abstract: The preparation of an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl chloride by the reaction of a corresponding alcohol with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of a phosphine oxide acting as catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or cyclic/aliphatic phosphine oxide.

Abstract: 1-Nitroanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid of the formula I ##STR1## is prepared by treating novel 2-substituted 1-nitroanthraquinones of the general formula II ##STR2## where R is --CH.dbd.CH--R.sup.1 or --CH.sub.2 --CHO, where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -dialkylamino or a cyclic 5- or 6-membered amine which may contain further hetero atoms, with oxidizing agents free of heavy metal.