Abstract: In an image processing system, the imager gain and the exposure time are adjusted based on a predefined stepping sequence using a stepping table designed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in the image. This is achieved by providing a stepping sequence with each step having the largest suitable integration time (exposure) and an appropriate amplifier and digital gain setting, while achieving an equal relative percentage change in image brightness between adjacent sequence steps. The size of the executed AE steps is proportional to the distance between a current image luminance and the target luminance. This is achieved by the capability to skip one or more steps in the stepping sequence, if appropriate, for each relevant executed step, with the number of skipped steps, if any, being proportional to the magnitude of the deviation from the target brightness.

Abstract: A process for performing white balancing of an image is performed by subdividing an image into a plurality of subframes, and then analyzing each subframe to determine if that subframe is predominantly monochromatic other than gray. If so, that subframe is excluded from the computation of the gain adjustments in the white balancing operation. As a result, the white balance process is performed using only the multicolored and/or gray subframes, thus allowing the overall white-balance of the image to be shifted only when a change in the color average is due to a change in the spectra of illumination, and not a presence of large monochromatic areas in the image.

Abstract: Generation of a single look-up table for performing DNL correction on an array of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is disclosed. Initially, the analog input voltages to the array of ADCs are generated. The input voltages ramp up in steps of some predetermined value. Then, the digital output data are collected and stored in a frame-grabber buffer. A frame of output data are examined for missed codes. The missed codes are identified and recorded. Next, an ADC with a highest number of missed codes is selected for use in generating the look-up table. Finally, the look-up table entries are filled in with consecutive integer values using the corresponding actual output of the selected ADC as an address in the look-up table. During this process, there will be some entries that are missing. These empty entries are filled in with values identical to the value following the empty entries.

Abstract: Generation of a single look-up table for performing DNL correction on an array of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is disclosed. Initially, the analog input voltages to the array of ADCs are generated. The input voltages ramp up in steps of some predetermined value. Then, the digital output data are collected and stored in a frame-grabber buffer. A frame of output data are examined for missed codes. The missed codes are identified and recorded. Next, an ADC with a highest number of missed codes is selected for use in generating the look-up table. Finally, the look-up table entries are filled in with consecutive integer values using the corresponding actual output of the selected ADC as an address in the look-up table. During this process, there will be some entries that are missing. These empty entries are filled in with values identical to the value following the empty entries.

Abstract: Generation of a single look-up table for performing DNL correction on an array of analog-to-digital converters (ADCS) is disclosed. Initially, the analog input voltages to the array of ADCs are generated. The input voltages ramp up in steps of some predetermined value. Then, the digital output data are collected and stored in a frame-grabber buffer. A frame of output data are examined for missed codes. The missed codes are identified and recorded. Next, an ADC with a highest number of missed codes is selected for use in generating the look-up table. Finally, the look-up table entries are filled in with consecutive integer values using the corresponding actual output of the selected ADC as an address in the look-up table. During this process, there will be some entries that are missing. These empty entries are filled in with values identical to the value following the empty entries.

Abstract: Active pixel sensor with separated pixel areas, each sensing a different primary color, red, green or blue. Each of the colors is sensed using a different size color filter element to allow receiving an amount of light dependent on the responses of the image sensor to the specific color.