Abstract: Cold atmospheric plasma is an emerging technology in the treatment of cancer. Meanwhile, different types of self-organized pattern (SOP) phenomenon have been reported in a wide of range of plasmas. In this paper, we describe the application of SOP plasma to two breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Specifically, the effect of SOP plasma on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) were investigated. SOP plasma-generated RONS displayed significantly decreased cancer cell viability in both breast cancer cell lines; significantly inhibiting cell proliferation via while inducing apoptosis. SOP plasma induced DNA damage, activating the ATM/ATR kinase signaling cascade. ATR phosphorylates the checkpoint effector kinase Chk-1 activating ?-H2AX resulting in cell cycle arrest and ATM induced apoptosis.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing plasma-activated saline for treatment of cancer cells. The method comprises the steps of immersing a cathode in saline solution in a container, positioning an anode at a fixed distance from a surface of said saline solution in said container and applying electrical energy to said anode for a fixed period of time, wherein said fixed distance and said fixed period of time are selected to cause a plasma self-organized pattern at a surface of said saline solution with an atmospheric discharge between said anode and said cathode.

Abstract: A satellite thruster increases satellite efficiency. The Linear Actuated ?CAT has a stepper motor to move the ablative electrode forward. A LabVIEW program and Arduino microcontroller are used to analyze the Linear Actuated ?CAT to determine how many steps are required for re-ignition, arc current, and the validity of the feed system. Results from testing show that micro-stepping the stepper motor is an effective way to replenish the cannibalized electrode for propellant.

Abstract: A method and system of adaptive cold atmospheric based treatment for diseased tissues, such as an area with cancerous cells, is disclosed. A plasma device generates a cold atmospheric plasma jet directed at the area having cancerous cells. A sensor is operable to sense the viability of the cancerous cells in the area. A controller is coupled to the plasma device and sensor. The controller is operative to control an initial plasma jet generated by the plasma device. The controller receives a sensor signal from the sensor to determine cell viability of the selected cells from the initial plasma jet. The controller adjusts the plasma jet based on the viability of the cancerous cells.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a heating block, substrate, motor and collection device. The substrate is arranged about the heating block and is configured to receive heat from the heating block. A motor is connected to the substrate to rotate the substrate about the heating block. A cathode and anode are configured to direct a flux stream for deposit onto the rotating substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. A heating element is embedded in the heating block and imparts heat to the heating block. The heating block is made of cement or other material that uniformly disperses the heat from the heating element throughout the heating block. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A CubeSat satellite has a solar cell and an arc propulsion system. The arc propulsion system includes a power source, a first lead coupled to the power source and to a cathode, and a second lead coupled to the power source and to an anode. The solar cell is used as the cathode of the propulsion system.

Abstract: A method for preparing cold atmospheric plasma stimulated cell culture media with a cold atmospheric plasma system having a delivery port out of which an inert gas flows. The inert gas may be helium. The method comprises the steps of placing a cell culture media in a first well, the first well having a bottom and having a diameter greater than 20 mm; wherein the cell culture media placed in the first well has a volume of 4 ml or less, treating the cell culture media in the first well with cold atmospheric plasma, wherein the treating is performed with a gap between the delivery port and the bottom of the first well is between 2.5 cm and 3.5 cm, and transferring a portion of the treated media to cultured cancer cells in a second well. The cold atmospheric plasma may be applied for 0.5 minutes to 2 minutes.

Abstract: A micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory. The micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory comprises a tube, an active electrode within said tube, and a nozzle at a distal end of said tube, said nozzle having an inner diameter less than 1 mm and a length less than 30 mm. A distal end inner diameter of said tube is greater than said inner diameter of said nozzle. The nozzle preferable is 15-25 mm in length. The nozzle may comprise stainless steel. The tube may have an inner diameter greater than 1 mm. The nozzle preferably has a distal end inner diameter less than 280 ?m. The micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory may further comprise a return electrode on an outside of said tube.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing plasma-activated saline for treatment of cancer cells. The method comprises the steps of immersing a cathode in saline solution in a container, positioning an anode at a fixed distance from a surface of said saline solution in said container and applying electrical energy to said anode for a fixed period of time, wherein said fixed distance and said fixed period of time are selected to cause a plasma self-organized pattern at a surface of said saline solution with an atmospheric discharge between said anode and said cathode.

Abstract: Cold atmospheric plasma is an emerging technology in the treatment of cancer. Meanwhile, different types of self-organized pattern (SOP) phenomenon have been reported in a wide of range of plasmas. In this paper, we describe the application of SOP plasma to two breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Specifically, the effect of SOP plasma on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) were investigated. SOP plasma-generated RONS displayed significantly decreased cancer cell viability in both breast cancer cell lines; significantly inhibiting cell proliferation via while inducing apoptosis. SOP plasma induced DNA damage, activating the ATM/ATR kinase signaling cascade. ATR phosphorylates the checkpoint effector kinase Chk-1 activating ?-H2AX resulting in cell cycle arrest and ATM induced apoptosis.

Abstract: A method for applying cold atmospheric plasma treatment to target tissue comprising the steps of selecting through a graphical user interface on a computing device a particular cancer cell line associated with said target tissue, retrieving, with said computing device, settings data from a database of cell line data and associated settings data in a storage, applying, with said computing device, said retrieved settings data to a cold atmospheric plasma system, and treating cancer tissue with cold atmospheric plasma at the retrieved settings.

Abstract: A method for treating cancer stem cells with cold atmospheric plasma using a cold atmospheric plasma system The method comprises the steps of placing an exit port of a cold plasma delivery device 5 cm or less from target cancer stem cells, flowing the inert gas from the source through the housing at a flow rate of 5-10 ml/minute, applying electrosurgical energy of 2-5 kV at a frequency of 20-35 kHz to at least one of the central electrode and the ring electrode to produce a cold plasma jet from the exit port, directing the cold plasma jet onto the target cancer stem cells, and applying the cold plasma jet onto the target cancer stem cells for at least 2 minutes. In a preferred embodiment the inert gas is helium.

Abstract: Solutions having a solvent and a cold atmospheric plasma dissolved in the solvent are described. Methods and systems of forming cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-containing solutions are also described. A system for producing (CAP)-containing solutions includes a gas source; a plasma generating device having a hollow body fluidically coupled with the gas source, a closed proximal end and an open distal end, the hollow body receiving gas from the gas source, and at least one electrode in or about the hollow body and ionizing the gas to discharge a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) from the open distal end; and a container for housing a fluid, the open distal end of the plasma generating device in fluid communication with an inner portion of the container. CAP-containing solutions can be used in treatment of cancer cells, infected tissue sterilization, microorganism inactivation, promotion of wound healing, skin regeneration, and blood coagulation, and teeth bleaching/whitening.

Abstract: A device uses cold plasma to treat cancerous tumors. The device has a gas supply tube with a delivery end. The gas supply tube is configured to carry a gas to the delivery end. A syringe is provided having an opening. The syringe is connected to the supply tube and configured to carry the gas to the opening. A first electrode is positioned inside said syringe, and a second electrode is positioned adjacent to the opening. The first and second electrodes excite the gas to enter a cold plasma state prior to being discharged from the opening of the syringe. An endoscopic tube can be used instead of the syringe. An exhaust tube can be provided to remove gas introduced into the body cavity by the cold plasma jet.

Abstract: A thruster for a micro-satellite is disclosed. The thruster includes a cathode composed of a propellant material and an anode composed of ablative material. The thruster includes a housing having a proximate end and an opposite distal end having a thrust channel. The housing holds the anode and the cathode. A pulsed voltage source is coupled between the cathode and the anode causing current sufficient to create ablation of the anode and a plasma jet including ablated particles from the anode to be emitted from the thrust channel.

Abstract: An electrosurgical cable that produces no electromagnetic (EM) field around its vicinity (zero-EM pollution). The cable is comprised of inner insulator with embedded conductor placed inside the outer insulator tube with embedded second conductor. Sizes and materials of conductors and insulators are chosen so that voltage applied to inner conductor is higher than the breakdown voltage while voltage applied to gas gap inside the electrosurgical cable is below than the breakdown voltage. Therefore, the cable is producing discharge at the surgical handpiece, but breakdown inside the cable is prohibited.

Abstract: A thruster for a micro-satellite is disclosed. The thruster includes a voltage source, an inductor and a resistor. A switching device is coupled to the inductor and the resistor. The thruster includes an exterior electrode composed of a first propellant, an insulator located coaxially within the exterior electrode and an interior electrode composed of a second propellant located coaxially to the insulator and the exterior electrode. An exterior housing has a proximate end and an opposite distal end with a thrust channel. The exterior housing holds the exterior electrode, the insulator and the interior electrode. The switching device is coupled to either the exterior electrode or the interior electrode. The switching device is switched to pulse voltage from the inductor to create an arc between the exterior electrode and the interior electrode. Either the exterior electrode or the interior electrode may serve as a cathode to generate a plasma jet.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to stabilized anti-cancer cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-stimulated media, to methods for preparing such media, and to methods of treatment using such media.

Abstract: A micro-sized CAP (?CAP) employed to target glioblastoma tumors in the murine brain. Various plasma diagnostic techniques were applied to evaluate the physics of helium ?CAP such as electron density, discharge voltage, and optical emission spectroscopy. The direct and indirect effects of ?CAP on glioblastoma (U87MG-RedFluc) cancer cells in vitro were investigated and indicate that ?CAP-generated short- and long-lived species and radicals [i.e. hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrite (NO2-), et al] with increasing tumor cell death in a dose-dependent fashion. Translation of these findings to an in vivo setting demonstrates that intracranial ?CAP is effective at preventing glioblastoma tumor growth in the mouse brain. The ?CAP device can be safely used in mice, resulting in suppression of tumor growth. These initial observations establish the ?CAP device as a potentially useful ablative therapy tool in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Abstract: An integrated gas-enhanced electrosurgical generator. The generator comprises a high frequency power module, a low frequency power module and a gas module. The high frequency power module adapted to generate an electrical energy having a band of frequencies centered around a first frequency, wherein the electrical energy has a first power as the first frequency and a second power lower than the first power at a second frequency lower than the first frequency. The low frequency power module having an input connected to an output of the high frequency module. The low frequency module comprises a resonant transformer comprising a ferrite core, a primary coil and a secondary coil, the secondary coil having a larger number of turns than the primary coil, wherein the resonant transformer has a resonant frequency equal to the second frequency. The gas module is adapted to control a flow of an inert gas.