Abstract: A secondary system operates on a vehicle to avoid a collision when a problem occurs with a primary system. For example, the secondary system may operate independently from the primary system to take over control of the vehicle from the primary system when the secondary system detects a potential collision, when an error occurs with the primary system, and so on. In examples, the primary system may implement first techniques, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, to understand an environment around the vehicle and/or instruct the vehicle to move within the environment. In examples, the secondary system may implement second techniques that are based on positioning, velocity, acceleration, etc. of the vehicle and/or objects around the vehicle.

Abstract: A secondary system operates on a vehicle to avoid a collision when a problem occurs with a primary system. For example, the secondary system may operate independently from the primary system to take over control of the vehicle from the primary system when the secondary system detects a potential collision, when an error occurs with the primary system, and so on. In examples, the primary system may implement first techniques, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, to understand an environment around the vehicle and/or instruct the vehicle to move within the environment. In examples, the secondary system may implement second techniques that are based on positioning, velocity, acceleration, etc. of the vehicle and/or objects around the vehicle.

Abstract: Golf practice devices are adapted to facilitate practicing without obstructing a putting surface or practice area. According to one example, a golf practice device can include a first base member with a first clamping end and a first handle end, and a second base member with a second clamping end and a second handle end. A portion of the first base member located between the first clamping end and the first handle end may be hingedly coupled to a portion of the second base member located between the second clamping end and the second handle. At least one coupling arm may be pivotably mounted to the first base member, and an attachment feature may be coupled to the first coupling arm. In some examples, a sight or a cell phone with an integrated camera may be coupled to the attachment feature. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included.

Abstract: Golf practice devices are adapted to facilitate practicing without obstructing a putting surface or practice area. According to one example, a golf practice device can include a first base member with a first clamping end and a first handle end, and a second base member with a second clamping end and a second handle end. A portion of the first base member located between the first clamping end and the first handle end may be hingedly coupled to a portion of the second base member located between the second clamping end and the second handle. At least one coupling arm may be pivotably mounted to the first base member, and an attachment feature may be coupled to the first coupling arm. In some examples, a sight or a cell phone with an integrated camera may be coupled to the attachment feature. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included.

Abstract: Golf practice devices are configured to facilitate putting without obstructing the greens. According to one example, a golf practice device can provide a visible indicator projected onto a surface of a golf green with a golf practice device coupled to a pole positioned vertically on the surface of a golf green. The golf practice device includes a base, a sight and a turret. The turret rotationally couples the sight to the base providing for rotationally positioning the sight to selectively place the visible indictor on the surface of the golf green, thereby providing a determined putting distance between the visible indicator and the pole. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included.

Abstract: A safety controller controls an automated installation on the basis of project data representing an individual application running. The safety controller has a plurality of controller hardware components. At least some controller hardware components have a respective project data memory. The project data memories each are designed to store project data supplied to them. The safety controller includes a connecting unit, such as a communication network, which connects the controller hardware components to one another. The safety controller also has a distribution unit for distributing at least some of the project data via the connecting unit to at least some of the project data memories.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a reduced sodium salt composition, the process comprising the steps of mixing sodium chloride with one or more sodium chloride substitute complexes, heating the so-formed mixture to form a melt, and cooling the melt to form a solid. The so-formed solid is a fused granular matrix of sodium chloride and one or more sodium chloride substitute complexes. An alternative process is provided in which the sodium chloride and the sodium chloride substitute complex are heated to the liquid phase before they are combined. A reduced sodium salt composition is also provided, in particular a reduced sodium chloride salt obtained from these processes.

Abstract: A safety controller controls an automated installation on the basis of project data representing an individual application running. The safety controller has a plurality of controller hardware components. At least some controller hardware components have a respective project data memory. The project data memories each are designed to store project data supplied to them. The safety controller includes a connecting unit, such as a communication network, which connects the controller hardware components to one another. The safety controller also has a distribution unit for distributing at least some of the project data via the connecting unit to at least some of the project data memories.

Abstract: A lamp includes both a light-emitting filament and one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on a lamp base. The LEDs may be electrically connected to the filament and receive their operating current through the filament so that the filament is the ballasting resistor for the LEDs. The filament may be in an incandescent or halogen lamp bulb and aligned along a longitudinal axis thereof, and the LEDs may be positioned on the lamp base symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis. The filament emits light of a first color temperature and at least one of the LEDs may emit light of a second color temperature higher than the first color temperature, where the symmetrical arrangement of the LEDs promotes a uniform color temperature of light from the lamp.

Abstract: A PAR lamp (10) having a tungsten halogen capsule (12) mounted in a hard glass, pressed reflector (14). A hard glass lens (16) is bonded to the envelope (14) by an adhesive such as epoxy or silicone. More specifically, the envelope (14) defines a cavity (18) having a base (20) and an opening (22) defined by an edge (24), the opening (22) being opposite the base (20). The capsule (12) is mounted in the base (20) and contains a filament (26) that is designed for operation at greater than 2700K. The lens (16) is preferably a borosilicate glass and contains between 0.3 and 5 weight percent neodymium.

Abstract: An infrared heat lamp has a reflector body closed by a lens and having a source of infrared radiation positioned within the body. The lens has a plurality of lenticules formed thereon to provide substantially uniform radiant intensity within a 50° cone on a planar surface spaced from the lens, the radiant intensity varying as the inverse of (cos ?)2. In a preferred embodiment all of the lenticules have a parabolic shape.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen or HID parabolic reflector lamp construction and assembly method is described that improves lamp performance by increasing the area of the parabolic reflective surface while reducing manufacturing cost by simplifying assembly. The reflector has a small opening just large enough to accommodate the light source capsule and a reverse draft angle in the neck. The capsule is attached directly or indirectly to a standard medium screw threaded base minimizing the number of separate lamp components and assembly operations.

Abstract: An electric lamp may be formed from a lamp capsule including an electric light source enclosed in an envelope. A skirt mechanically couples to the base, and extends from the base to a lip edge offset axially from the threaded exterior wall. The lamp includes a reflector having an interior side with a reflective portion, an exterior side, the reflector being formed with an interior wall defining a through passage extending between the interior side and the exterior side. The lamp capsule is extended through the through passage to locate the light source opposite the reflective portion. The skirt defines an isolated cavity retaining the seal end of the lamp capsule, and may further include an insulation plate intermediate the lamp and any circuitry.

Abstract: A lamp assembly 10 has a light source 12 having two sealed electrodes 14, 16, sealed in a seal area 17 and defining a lamp axis 18. A concave shell 20 has an internal surface 22 with a reflective surface 23 formed thereon. The concave shell 20 has a neck 24 defining a neck cavity 26 and a reflector axis 28. The neck 24 is provided with an electrical connection 30 and a mechanical support for the light source 12. The shell 20 surrounds the source 12 to reflect light from the source 12 to a field to be illuminated during lamp operation. The source 12 and the reflector surface 23 are oriented with the lamp axis 18 substantially co-axial with the reflector axis 28, and at least a portion of at least one of the electrodes, for example, 14, extends into the neck cavity 26. A zone 32 is formed in the neck cavity 26 for substantially redirecting specular reflection away from the seal area.

Abstract: A system for graphic display of point-to-point distance measurements in an object measuring system includes display of a graphic drawing representing the object and depictions of measured points representing their locations on the object and displays of lines between the points of selected pairs of displayed points to indicate where a distance measurement is taken. For each line there is displayed an indication that the measured distance is (a) within tolerance limits of a standard distance, (b) shorter than the standard distance by a difference greater than a lower tolerance limit or (c) greater than the standard distance by a difference exceeding an upper tolerance limit. There may simultaneously be displayed an alphanumeric table indicating the points, the measured and standard distances and the differences, which table may utilize the same tolerance indication scheme as the graphical representation.

Abstract: A system for measuring the relative locations of points on a vehicle includes plural electromagnetic radiation sources adapted to be fixed relative to the vehicle and plural electromagnetic radiation receivers, a processor for determining angles between each receiver and each source, a display device, and a processor program routine for monitoring each receiver and generating a graphical display indicating for each source and each receiver whether or not the source is in the field of view of the receiver. A hand-held probe may have at least one additional electromagnetic radiation source and an indicator to indicate whether or not the probe source is in the field of view of all receivers.

Abstract: A computerized automotive service equipment system is adapted to access remotely located computer systems to retrieve or exchange data and/or software applications, or to undergo live or real-time and two-way interaction. The system and its components are dynamic with respect to both function and data, and can be easily updated or otherwise altered. The system of the present invention utilizes World Wide Web technology, which enables the use of universal and widely compatible programming tools and techniques for efficient and fast system development.