Abstract: 1,2-Dichlorobenzene can be reacted very selectively under adiabatic reaction conditions to give 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene by intensively mixing 1,2-dichlorobenzene with nitric acid, sulphuric acid and water, simultaneously or successively, in their total amount, using a mixing energy of 1-50 watts per litre of the total reaction mixture, preferably 3-30 W/l, and maintaining a temperature of from 0 to 60° C. during mixing.

Abstract: A device for gripping and holding a compact disc comprising a housing, a plurality of grippers that are arranged in said housing, each of said grippers being provided with a magnet, said gripper being guided in recesses in the housing which allow a movement of each gripper transverse to a vertical axis of said housing and cooperating with an electromagnet. The magnetic field axis of which coincides with the vertical axis (H) of the housing (3) and which moves the grippers (5, . . . ) back and forward between two limit stops (a, b) depending on the polarity of the electromagnet (16). The housing (3) is encompassed with play by a holder (10), wherein elements (13, . . . ) of an elastic material are provided between the holder (10) and the housing (3), namely in the part (9) of the housing (3) that is encompassed by the holder (10). The grippers (5, . . . ) respectively contain two limbs (5a, 5b, . . . ), one of which (5a, . . . ) extends downward perpendicular to the first limb (5b, . . .

Abstract: In an apparatus for the coating of substrates in a vacuum with rotatable substrate carriers (15,16,20) and with a loading and an unloading station (8 or 9), two vacuum chambers (3,4) are provided with several coating stations (6,7 or 10 to 14), directly next to one another, wherein a rotatable transport arm (15 or 16) is accommodated in each of the two chambers (3, 4), and the transport planes of the two transport arms (15,16) are aligned with one another. In the separation area of the two chambers (3,4), an air lock is provided with a corresponding transfer apparatus (5) with two transport arms (15,16), whose rotary plate (20) is provided with substrate storage unit (21,22) and projects about halfway into one chamber (3) and halfway into the other chamber (4), wherein one chamber (3) has both the loading as well as the unloading station (8 or 9).

Abstract: In the reaction of aromatic compounds with nitrating acids comprising HNO3 and, if appropriate, H2SO4 and/or H2O and/or H3PO4 to form aromatic nitro compounds, according to the invention an amount of from 0.5 to 20,000 ppm of one or more surface-active substances from the group of the anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or nonionic surface-active substances is added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A device for coating a disk-like substrate (3,3′, . . . ) with the aid of cathodic sputtering, having an essentially cylindrical transport chamber (7) and with a vacuum pump (8) connected to the transport chamber (7) and with an opening (9) that can be closed off by a plate (16) for inserting and removing the substrates (3,3′. . .

Abstract: 3-Methoxy-1-propanol is prepared in an advantageous manner by alkylating 1,3-propanediol with methyl chloride in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A pivot arm (3) is rotatable about an axis for delivering and removing a flat workpiece (24) into and out of the area of the lock (19) of an evacuable coating chamber (26). The pivot arm (3) is provided at its distal end with the retaining bolt (12) which is perpendicular to the plane (20) of the lock opening (19) and attached to a central part of a flexible diaphragm. The diaphragm is substantially parallel to the sealing surface of a workpiece carrier (16) and is fixed around its outer radial edge to the workpiece carrier so that the workpiece carrier (16) is able to tilt slightly during its vertical closing motion.

Abstract: Thermoplastics built up from N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl)phenylmaleimide and styrene, it being possible for all or some of the styrene to be replaced by at least one other monomer component.

Abstract: Thermoplastics built up from N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl)phenylmaleimide and styrene, it being possible for all or some of the styrene to be replaced by at least one other monomer component.

Abstract: Mononitrohalogenobenzenes can be prepared by mixing halogenobenzene, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and water intensively with one another, simultaneously or in succession in their total quantity, and by redispersing them at least twice in the case of continuous preparation, applying a mixing energy of 1-40 watts per liter of the overall reaction mixture, preferably 3-30 W/l, largely suppressing back-mixing in the continuous procedure, and observing adiabatic reaction conditions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a N-)ortho-alkylphenyl)-imide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 is defined in the specification which comprises reacting a cyclic anhydride of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 to R.sup.9 are difined in the specification with an amine of the formula ##STR3## optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst and optionally in the presence of a solvent which is immiscible or only slightly miscible with water but can form an azeotrope with water, at a temperature between 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. under conditions so that the water formed during the reaction is removed from the reaction mixture without the addition of a polymerization inhibitor or a dipolar solvent. The final products are used as intermediates to prepare heat-stable plastics as well as intermediates to prepare pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: Several finger-like grippers (4) are held and guided in openings or holes (21) in the head part (6) of a housing (20) so they can pivot about axes which are in a common plane transverse to the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing (20). Permanent magnets (11, 12) fixed to the inner ends of the grippers (4) cooperate with an electromagnet (13) provided in the housing (20) above the magnets (11, 12), the magnetic field axis of the electromagnet coinciding with the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing (20). The electromagnet moves the inner ends of the grippers (11, 12) back and forth between two stops (16, 17) depending on the polarity of the electromagnet (13).

Abstract: A liquid binding agent comprised of a phenolic resin, thinning agents and a curing agent, characterized in that the phenolic resin is produced by condensation catalyzed under alkaline conditions of a phenol and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of phenolic compound to formaldehyde in the range of 1:0.05 to 1.

Abstract: Mononitrotoluenes can be prepared by intensively mixing together toluene, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and water, simultaneously or successively in their total amount, and, in the case of continuous preparation, redispersing the mixture at least twice, for which purpose a mixing energy of 1 to 40 watts per liter of the total reaction mixture, preferably 3 to 30 W/l, is employed per volume of the reactor, and, for the continuous procedure, the back mixing is substantially repressed. Adiabatic reaction conditions are maintained.

Abstract: A homogenous non-tacky thermosetting plastic powder mixture formed by mixing component A comprising a solid phenol novolac resin powder and a hardener containing a small amount of an oil-like substance liquid at room temperature with component B comprising a liquid resol, fillers and optionally additives which when containing an abrasive are useful for the production of filler-containing shaped elements or resin-bonded grinding elements.

Abstract: Dinitro-polyalkylbenzenes can be prepared by nitration of polyalkylbenzenes using HNO.sub.3 in the presence of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 in such a manner that at least 50% of the H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is present as reaction medium and HNO.sub.3 and the polyalkylbenzene and any remaining H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 are added simultaneously in such a manner that the added substances polyalkylbenzene and HNO.sub.3 are in the molar ratio of 1:2-10. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is used at a concentration from 81 to 96% by weight and HNO.sub.3 at a concentration from 95 to 100% by weight. For the work-up, the dinitro-polyalkylbenzenes are first freed from the majority of the acids and then treated with a highly dilute aqueous solution of a dispersant for separating off residual acid.