Abstract: A PTC heating element for an electric heater having a PTC element, an electrode formed on a surface of the PTC element for electrically contacting the PTC element, at least one additional contact for electrically connecting the electrode of the PTC element, and a carrier layer. The carrier layer is electrically insulating, the thickness of the PTC element is ?500 ?m, and the installation height of the PTC heating element is between 500 ?m and 2500 ?m. Also disclosed is an electric heater and use of the PTC heating element in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Described is a measuring drive for a measuring instrument, in particular a rheometer. The measuring drive has: i) a motor, ii) a shaft, which is coupled to the motor in such a way that the shaft is drivable by the motor, and iii) an ultrasonic device, which is configured to provide ultrasound to the shaft in such a way that at least a part of the shaft is bearable substantially without contact by the ultrasound. Furthermore, the measuring instrument, a method, and a using are described.

Abstract: In an embodiment an electrical component includes an electrical resistor having a PTC ceramic with a reference temperature exceeding 150° C., wherein, at the reference temperature, a reference resistance is twice an amount of a minimum resistance of the PTC ceramic.

Abstract: A sound transducer and a method for operating a sound transducer are disclosed. In an embodiment a sound transducer includes a first piezoelectric element having first external electrodes configured to generate an acoustic signal from an electrical signal or vice versa, and at least one second external electrode, wherein the second external electrode is separately controllable from the first external electrodes in order to set electro-acoustic properties of the sound transducer.

Abstract: In an embodiment a component includes at least one carrier layer, the carrier layer having a top side and a bottom side and at least one functional layer arranged on the top side of the carrier layer, the functional layer including a material having a specific electrical characteristic, wherein the component is configured for direct integration into an electrical system as a discrete component.

Abstract: Described is a measuring drive for a measuring instrument, in particular a rheometer. The measuring drive has: i) a motor, ii) a shaft, which is coupled to the motor in such a way that the shaft is drivable by the motor, and iii) an ultrasonic device, which is configured to provide ultrasound to the shaft in such a way that at least a part of the shaft is bearable substantially without contact by the ultrasound. Furthermore, the measuring instrument, a method, and a using are described.

Abstract: A sound transducer and a method for operating a sound transducer are disclosed. In an embodiment a sound transducer includes a first piezoelectric element having first external electrodes configured to generate an acoustic signal from an electrical signal or vice versa, and at least one second external electrode, wherein the second external electrode is separately controllable from the first external electrodes in order to set electro-acoustic properties of the sound transducer.

Abstract: A heating module is disclosed. In an embodiment a heating module includes at least one positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element configured to operate at an operating point between 120° C. and 300° C. inclusive.

Abstract: A rotary rheometer has two measurement parts which delimit a measurement gap and can be moved relative to one another in a predetermined movement direction by an adjustment device. At least one switching unit is provided, which responds to changes in a force flow in a force circuit of the rotary rheometer delimited by the measurement parts and has switching contacts for the activation of an adjustment device, which stops the adjustment device when a predetermined limit force value is exceeded for the force flow in the positive or negative direction, optionally without relative movement of the measurement parts, or with the measurement parts remaining in the same position.

Abstract: An extension assembly is connected or connectable, in terms of driving, to a double-motor rheometer. The double-motor rheometer includes first and second measuring motors controllable independently of each other, and provided for determining a torsional moment generated by the corresponding measuring motor. The extension assembly includes first and second sample holding parts for holding a first sample portion and a second sample portion of the sample. The first sample holding part is driveable by the first measuring motor in a rotational movement about a first axis, and the second sample holding part is driveable by the second measuring motor in a rotational movement about a second axis. The first axis is arranged so as to be parallel to and spaced apart from the second axis. The sample held in the first sample portion and in the second sample portion extends between the respective sample holding parts.

Abstract: A method and a device measure tribological values of samples with a rheometer. Wherein measuring parts of the rheometer are replaced by the samples and the surfaces of the samples are moved into frictional contact relative to each other. Accordingly, it is provided that all parts of the rheometer supporting the samples in frictional connection or frictional contact and forming the rheometer power circuit, including a spring unit pressing the samples against each other, are regarded as an oscillatory circuit. Oscillation properties of the spring unit are relevant to oscillation properties of the oscillatory circuit. The oscillation properties of the spring unit are adjusted taking into consideration resonance oscillations or effects produced by changing or different measurement conditions expected with the respective measurement.

Abstract: A rotary rheometer has two measurement parts which delimit a measurement gap and can be moved relative to one another in a predetermined movement direction by an adjustment device. At least one switching unit is provided, which responds to changes in a force flow in a force circuit of the rotary rheometer delimited by the measurement parts and has switching contacts for the activation of an adjustment device, which stops the adjustment device when a predetermined limit force value is exceeded for the force flow in the positive or negative direction, optionally without relative movement of the measurement parts, or with the measurement parts remaining in the same position.

Abstract: A method and a device determine tribological measured values of samples with a rheometer. Wherein the measuring parts of the rheometer are replaced by samples and the surfaces of the samples are moved into frictional contact relative to each other. Accordingly, it is provided that all parts of the rheometer holding the samples in frictional connection and frictional contact or forming the rheometer power circuit, including the spring unit pressing the samples against each other, are regarded as an oscillatory circuit. The oscillation properties of the spring unit are regarded as relevant to the oscillation properties of the oscillatory circuit, and that the oscillation properties of the spring unit are adjusted taking into consideration the resonance oscillations or effects produced by changing, different measurement conditions expected with the respective measurement.

Abstract: An extension assembly is connected or connectable, in terms of driving, to a double-motor rheometer. The double-motor rheometer includes first and second measuring motors controllable independently of each other, and provided for determining a torsional moment generated by the corresponding measuring motor. The extension assembly includes first and second sample holding parts for holding a first sample portion and a second sample portion of the sample. The first sample holding part is driveable by the first measuring motor in a rotational movement about a first axis, and the second sample holding part is driveable by the second measuring motor in a rotational movement about a second axis. The first axis is arranged so as to be parallel to and spaced apart from the second axis. The sample held in the first sample portion and in the second sample portion extends between the respective sample holding parts.

Abstract: A method for testing samples uses a rheometer in which a measuring shaft bearing a first measuring part is rotated by a motor and the sample is introduced into a measuring gap between the first measuring part and a further measuring part. The further measuring part is mounted on a further, driven measuring shaft and the two measuring parts are rotated or oscillated at a predetermined speed independently of one another, or brought to a standstill.

Abstract: A method and device allow automatic trimming of samples for the measurement of the rheological properties of material samples by way of a plate/plate rheometer.

Abstract: A method for testing samples uses a rheometer in which a measuring shaft bearing a first measuring part is rotated by a motor and the sample is introduced into a measuring gap between the first measuring part and a further measuring part. The further measuring part is mounted on a further, driven measuring shaft and the two measuring parts are rotated or oscillated at a predetermined speed independently of one another, or brought to a standstill.

Abstract: A method and device allow automatic trimming of samples for the measurement of the Theological properties of material samples by way of a plate/plate rheometer.