Abstract: A method of generating pathogen detecting liposomes includes a step of providing molecular beacons with fluorescing components. The molecular beacons include either strands of RNA or DNA and the fluorescing components include an emitter and a quencher. The method further uses nanodroplet technology to encapsulate the molecular beacons within a lipid membrane. Subsequently, receptors are assembled in association with the membrane.

Abstract: A method of generating pathogen detecting liposomes includes a step of providing molecular beacons with fluorescing components. The molecular beacons include either strands of RNA or DNA and the fluorescing components include an emitter and a quencher. The method further uses nanodroplet technology to encapsulate the molecular beacons within a lipid membrane. Subsequently, receptors are assembled in association with the membrane.

Abstract: A method of generating pathogen detecting liposomes includes a step of providing molecular beacons with fluorescing components. The molecular beacons include either strands of RNA or DNA and the fluorescing components include an emitter and a quencher. The method further uses nanodroplet technology to encapsulate the molecular beacons within a lipid membrane. Subsequently, receptors are assembled in association with the membrane.

Abstract: A method of photoelectro-manipulation of target molecules including providing a photoconductive layer of material having a first and a second electrically conductive contact on a first surface thereof and a probe on an opposed second surface. A solution containing target molecules is positioned in electrical contact with the probe. A positive potential is connected between the solution and the first electrically conductive contact and a negative potential is connected between the solution and the second electrically conductive contact. A beam of light is directed through a portion of the photoconductive layer of material to complete an electrical circuit between one of the first and the second electrically conductive contacts and the solution, whereby target molecules in the solution are attracted to or repelled from the probe which is coupled into the electrical circuit by the beam of light.

Abstract: A molecular detection apparatus including an electrode, a peptide nucleic acid probe covalently bonded to the electrode and a protective layer covering portions of the electrode not having attached probes which prevents oxidation/reduction of intercalator molecules.

Abstract: A method of photoelectro-synthesizing probe arrays including the steps of providing a photoconductive layer of material having a layer of electrically conductive material on a first surface thereof and a solution of a plurality of a first oligonucleotide modified monomer positioned in electrical contact with an opposing second surface thereof such that a potential is connected therebetween. A beam of light is directed through a portion of the photoconductive layer of material to complete an electrical circuit between the layer of electrically conductive material and the solution through the portion of the photoconductive layer, whereby the monomers in the solution are electropolymerized on a surface area which is coupled into the electrical circuit by the beam of light.

Abstract: A sensor (10,30,40,50,70) for detecting chemicals and changes in the surrounding environment utilizes a sol-gel sensor element (14,16,17,54,56,57) containing a chemical indicator. Grooves (12,13,24,52,53) are formed in a substrate (11,51). The grooves are filled with a sol-gel material having a chemical indicator, and the sol-gel is cured to adhere to the substrate (11,51). The grooves (12,13,24,52,53) are formed to facilitate optically coupling a fiber optic cable (46) to the sol-gel sensor element. Light is coupled from the fiber optic cable (46) to the sol-gel sensor element (14,16,17,54,56,57).