Abstract: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a proven approach for treating tumors using alternating electric fields. When treating tumors in certain anatomic locations (e.g., at certain locations within a subject's head) it may be beneficial to induce an electric field through the subject's body with an overall directionality that varies between more than two directions. The embodiments described herein can induce electric fields in many different directions by simultaneously applying AC signals to different pairs of transducer arrays and adjusting the amplitudes of those AC signals.

Abstract: A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

Abstract: A swivel assembly can have a longitudinal axis. The swivel assembly can have an upper portion and a lower portion that is rotationally coupled to the upper portion. The lower portion can have a connector configured to securely engage a cable. The lower portion can be configured to remain in electrical communication with the upper portion as the lower portion rotates with respect to the upper portion. A motor can be disposed between the upper portion and the lower portion and configured to selectively rotate the lower portion. A sensor can be configured to detect torsion in the cable. A controller can be in communication with the sensor and the motor. Upon receiving a signal from the sensor indicating a threshold torsion in the cable, the controller can be configured to cause the motor to rotate in a direction corresponding to a direction of the torsion in the cable.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.

Abstract: A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

Abstract: A treatment assembly can have an inner layer having an inner surface and an outer surface and defining a plurality of openings extending therethrough. The treatment assembly can further comprise a plurality of plates, each plate being at least partially received within a respective opening of the plurality of openings of the inner layer. The treatment assembly can further comprise treatment circuitry comprising a cable having a plurality of electrical leads and a plurality of lead ends, each electrical lead being electrically connected to a respective lead end of the plurality of lead ends. A cover layer can be attached to the outer surface of the inner layer and overlie the plurality of lead ends of the cable. The plurality of lead ends can be in contact with respective plates of the plurality of plates to define a plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements that are overheating without switching off other electrode elements that are not overheating. This may be accomplished using a plurality of temperature sensors, with each of the temperature sensors positioned to sense the temperature at a respective electrode element; and a plurality of electrically controlled switches, each of which is wired to switch the current to an individual electrode element on or off. A controller input signals from the temperature sensors to determine the temperature at each of the electrode elements, and controls the state of the control input of each of the electrically controlled switches to selectively switch off the current or adjusted the duty cycle at any electrode element that is overheating.

Abstract: A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

Abstract: A treatment assembly can have an inner layer having an inner surface and an outer surface and defining a plurality of openings extending therethrough. The treatment assembly can further comprise a plurality of plates, each plate being at least partially received within a respective opening of the plurality of openings of the inner layer. The treatment assembly can further comprise treatment circuitry comprising a cable having a plurality of electrical leads and a plurality of lead ends, each electrical lead being electrically connected to a respective lead end of the plurality of lead ends. A cover layer can be attached to the outer surface of the inner layer and overlie the plurality of lead ends of the cable. The plurality of lead ends can be in contact with respective plates of the plurality of plates to define a plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements that are overheating without switching off other electrode elements that are not overheating. This may be accomplished using a plurality of temperature sensors, with each of the temperature sensors positioned to sense the temperature at a respective electrode element; and a plurality of electrically controlled switches, each of which is wired to switch the current to an individual electrode element on or off. A controller input signals from the temperature sensors to determine the temperature at each of the electrode elements, and controls the state of the control input of each of the electrically controlled switches to selectively switch off the current or adjusted the duty cycle at any electrode element that is overheating.

Abstract: TTFields therapy is a proven approach for treating tumors using electric fields. This application describes systems and methods for measuring the temperature at the electrode elements of the transducer arrays that are used to apply the TTFields to a subject. A distal circuit is positioned adjacent to each transducer array, and the distal circuit interfaces with temperature sensors in the transducer array to obtain temperature readings. Those temperature readings are transmitted to a central hub. In some embodiments, temperature measurements from all of the distal circuits occur simultaneously.

Abstract: TTFields therapy is a proven approach for treating tumors using electric fields. This application describes systems and methods for measuring the temperature at the electrode elements of the transducer arrays that are used to apply the TTFields to a subject. A distal circuit is positioned adjacent to each transducer array, and the distal circuit interfaces with temperature sensors in the transducer array to obtain temperature readings. Those temperature readings are transmitted to a central hub. In some embodiments, temperature measurements from all of the distal circuits occur simultaneously.

Abstract: A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

Abstract: A swivel assembly can have a longitudinal axis. The swivel assembly can have an upper portion and a lower portion that is rotationally coupled to the upper portion. The lower portion can have a connector configured to securely engage a cable. The lower portion can be configured to remain in electrical communication with the upper portion as the lower portion rotates with respect to the upper portion. A motor can be disposed between the upper portion and the lower portion and configured to selectively rotate the lower portion. A sensor can be configured to detect torsion in the cable. A controller can be in communication with the sensor and the motor. Upon receiving a signal from the sensor indicating a threshold torsion in the cable, the controller can be configured to cause the motor to rotate in a direction corresponding to a direction of the torsion in the cable.

Abstract: A treatment assembly can have an inner layer having an inner surface and an outer surface and defining a plurality of openings extending therethrough. The treatment assembly can further comprise a plurality of plates, each plate being at least partially received within a respective opening of the plurality of openings of the inner layer. The treatment assembly can further comprise treatment circuitry comprising a cable having a plurality of electrical leads and a plurality of lead ends, each electrical lead being electrically connected to a respective lead end of the plurality of lead ends. A cover layer can be attached to the outer surface of the inner layer and overlie the plurality of lead ends of the cable. The plurality of lead ends can be in contact with respective plates of the plurality of plates to define a plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements that are overheating without switching off other electrode elements that are not overheating. This may be accomplished using a plurality of temperature sensors, with each of the temperature sensors positioned to sense the temperature at a respective electrode element; and a plurality of electrically controlled switches, each of which is wired to switch the current to an individual electrode element on or off. A controller input signals from the temperature sensors to determine the temperature at each of the electrode elements, and controls the state of the control input of each of the electrically controlled switches to selectively switch off the current or adjusted the duty cycle at any electrode element that is overheating.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a sinusoid at a pre-set frequency f includes a DC power source with a controllable output voltage, a transformer, a power switch, a sequencer, and an output filter. The power switch is configured to apply the output of the DC power source to the primary of the transformer in either direction or to remain off based on control signals that are applied to its control input. The sequencer applies control signals to the control input in a choreographed sequence to form an oversampled version of a sine wave. The output filter is connected to the secondary of the transformer, and it passes the pre-set frequency f and attenuates frequencies above a cut-off frequency. In some preferred embodiments, the cut-off frequency is 3f and the transfer function of the output filter has a zero at 5f.