Abstract: Selecting intermediate representation transformation for compilations is described. In accordance with the described techniques, source code is received to be compiled by a compilation system for execution by a processor of hardware. Intermediate representation transformations are selected for the source code based on system load information associated with the hardware. The intermediate representation transformations are output to the compilation system.

Abstract: A processing system allocates memory to co-locate input and output operands for operations for processing in memory (PIM) execution in the same PIM-local memory while exploiting row-buffer locality and complying with conventional memory abstraction. The processing system identifies as “super rows” virtual rows that span all the banks of a memory device. Each super row has a different bank-interleaving pattern, referred to as a “color”. A group of contiguous super rows that has the same PIM-interleaving pattern is referred to as a “color group”. The processing system assigns memory addresses to each operand (e.g., vector) of an operation for PIM execution to a super row having a different color within the same color group to co-locate the operands for each PIM execution unit and uses address hashing to alternate between banks assigned to elements of a first operand and elements of a second operand of the operation.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device includes: receiving, from a process, a call to allocate a virtual address space where the process stores a PIM configuration context; allocating the virtual address space including mapping a physical address space including PIM device configuration registers to the virtual address space only if the physical address space is not mapped to another process's virtual address space; and programming the PIM device configuration space according to the configuration context. When a PIM command is executed, a translation mechanism determines whether there is a valid mapping of a virtual address of the PIM command to a physical address of a PIM resource, such as a LIS entry. If a valid mapping exists, the translation is completed and the resource is accessed, but if there is not a valid mapping, the translation fails and the process is blocked from accessing the PIM resource.

Abstract: One or more processing units, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), execute an application. A resource manager selectively allocates a first memory portion or a second memory portion to the processing units based on memory access characteristics. The first memory portion has a first latency that is lower that a second latency of the second memory portion. In some cases, the memory access characteristics indicate a latency sensitivity. In some cases, hints included in corresponding program code are used to determine the memory access characteristics. The memory access characteristics can also be determined by monitoring memory access requests, measuring a cache miss rate or a row buffer miss rate for the monitored memory access requests, and determining the memory access characteristics based on the cache miss rate or the row buffer miss rate.

Abstract: Automatic generation of data layout instructions for locating data objects in memory that are involved in a sequence of operations for a computational task is described. In accordance with the described techniques, an interference graph is generated for the sequence of operations, where individual nodes in the interference graph represent data objects involved in the computational task. The interference graph includes edges connecting different pairs of nodes, such that an edge indicates the connected data objects are involved in a common operation of the sequence of operations. Weights are assigned to edges based on architectural characteristics of a system performing the computational task as well as a size of the data objects connected by an edge. Individual data objects are then assigned to locations in memory based on edge weights of edges connected to a node representing the data object, optimizing system performance during the computational task.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device through exclusive locking includes receiving, from a process, a call requesting ownership of a PIM device. The request includes one or more PIM configuration parameters. The exclusive locking technique also includes granting the process ownership of the PIM device responsive to determining that ownership is available. The PIM device is configured according to the PIM configuration parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus that manages multi-process execution in a processing-in-memory (“PIM”) device includes a gatekeeper configured to: receive an identification of one or more registered PIM processes; receive, from a process, a memory request that includes a PIM command; if the requesting process is a registered PIM process and another registered PIM process is active on the PIM device, perform a context switch of PIM state between the registered PIM processes; and issue the PIM command of the requesting process to the PIM device.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device includes: receiving, from a process, a call to allocate a virtual address space where the process stores a PIM configuration context; allocating the virtual address space including mapping a physical address space including PIM device configuration registers to the virtual address space only if the physical address space is not mapped to another process's virtual address space; and programming the PIM device configuration space according to the configuration context. When a PIM command is executed, a translation mechanism determines whether there is a valid mapping of a virtual address of the PIM command to a physical address of a PIM resource, such as a LIS entry. If a valid mapping exists, the translation is completed and the resource is accessed, but if there is not a valid mapping, the translation fails and the process is blocked from accessing the PIM resource.

Abstract: A processing system allocates memory to co-locate input and output operands for operations for processing in memory (PIM) execution in the same PIM-local memory while exploiting row-buffer locality and complying with conventional memory abstraction. The processing system identifies as “super rows” virtual rows that span all the banks of a memory device. Each super row has a different bank-interleaving pattern, referred to as a “color”. A group of contiguous super rows that has the same PIM-interleaving pattern is referred to as a “color group”. The processing system assigns memory addresses to each operand (e.g., vector) of an operation for PIM execution to a super row having a different color within the same color group to co-locate the operands for each PIM execution unit and uses address hashing to alternate between banks assigned to elements of a first operand and elements of a second operand of the operation.

Abstract: An apparatus that manages multi-process execution in a processing-in-memory (“PIM”) device includes a gatekeeper configured to: receive an identification of one or more registered PIM processes; receive, from a process, a memory request that includes a PIM command; if the requesting process is a registered PIM process and another registered PIM process is active on the PIM device, perform a context switch of PIM state between the registered PIM processes; and issue the PIM command of the requesting process to the PIM device.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device through exclusive locking includes receiving, from a process, a call requesting ownership of a PIM device. The request includes one or more PIM configuration parameters. The exclusive locking technique also includes granting the process ownership of the PIM device responsive to determining that ownership is available. The PIM device is configured according to the PIM configuration parameters.

Abstract: A processing system includes a processing unit and a memory device. The memory device includes a processing-in-memory (PIM) module that performs processing operations on behalf of the processing unit. An instruction set architecture (ISA) of the PIM module has fewer instructions than an ISA of the processing unit. Instructions received from the processing unit are translated such that processing resources of the PIM module are virtualized. As a result, the PIM module concurrently performs processing operations for multiple threads or applications of the processing unit.

Abstract: An apparatus that manages multi-process execution in a processing-in-memory (“PIM”) device includes a gatekeeper configured to: receive an identification of one or more registered PIM processes; receive, from a process, a memory request that includes a PIM command; if the requesting process is a registered PIM process and another registered PIM process is active on the PIM device, perform a context switch of PIM state between the registered PIM processes; and issue the PIM command of the requesting process to the PIM device.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device through exclusive locking includes receiving, from a process, a call requesting ownership of a PIM device. The request includes one or more PIM configuration parameters. The exclusive locking technique also includes granting the process ownership of the PIM device responsive to determining that ownership is available. The PIM device is configured according to the PIM configuration parameters.

Abstract: Process isolation for a PIM device includes: receiving, from a process, a call to allocate a virtual address space where the process stores a PIM configuration context; allocating the virtual address space including mapping a physical address space including PIM device configuration registers to the virtual address space only if the physical address space is not mapped to another process's virtual address space; and programming the PIM device configuration space according to the configuration context. When a PIM command is executed, a translation mechanism determines whether there is a valid mapping of a virtual address of the PIM command to a physical address of a PIM resource, such as a LIS entry. If a valid mapping exists, the translation is completed and the resource is accessed, but if there is not a valid mapping, the translation fails and the process is blocked from accessing the PIM resource.

Abstract: A method of training a neural network includes, at a local computing node, receiving remote parameters from a set of one or more remote computing nodes, initiating execution of a forward pass in a local neural network in the local computing node to determine a final output based on the remote parameters, initiating execution of a backward pass in the local neural network to determine updated parameters for the local neural network, and prior to completion of the backward pass, transmitting a subset of the updated parameters to the set of remote computing nodes.

Abstract: A processing system includes a processing unit and a memory device. The memory device includes a processing-in-memory (PIM) module that performs processing operations on behalf of the processing unit. An instruction set architecture (ISA) of the PIM module has fewer instructions than an ISA of the processing unit. Instructions received from the processing unit are translated such that processing resources of the PIM module are virtualized. As a result, the PIM module concurrently performs processing operations for multiple threads or applications of the processing unit.

Abstract: A processing system includes a processing unit and a memory device. The memory device includes a processing-in-memory (PIM) module that performs processing operations on behalf of the processing unit. An instruction set architecture (ISA) of the PIM module has fewer instructions than an ISA of the processing unit. Instructions received from the processing unit are translated such that processing resources of the PIM module are virtualized. As a result, the PIM module concurrently performs processing operations for multiple threads or applications of the processing unit.

Abstract: A processing system includes a processing unit and a memory device. The memory device includes a processing-in-memory (PIM) module that performs processing operations on behalf of the processing unit. An instruction set architecture (ISA) of the PIM module has fewer instructions than an ISA of the processing unit. Instructions received from the processing unit are translated such that processing resources of the PIM module are virtualized. As a result, the PIM module concurrently performs processing operations for multiple threads or applications of the processing unit.

Abstract: One or more processing units, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), execute an application. A resource manager selectively allocates a first memory portion or a second memory portion to the processing units based on memory access characteristics. The first memory portion has a first latency that is lower that a second latency of the second memory portion. In some cases, the memory access characteristics indicate a latency sensitivity. In some cases, hints included in corresponding program code are used to determine the memory access characteristics. The memory access characteristics can also be determined by monitoring memory access requests, measuring a cache miss rate or a row buffer miss rate for the monitored memory access requests, and determining the memory access characteristics based on the cache miss rate or the row buffer miss rate.