Abstract: An optical system includes a display, at least one lens, and at least one of a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer. The optical system forms a virtual image of an image emitted by the display for viewing by an eye. The emitted image includes a plurality of cones of image light. Each cone of image light propagates from a different corresponding location on the emitted image and includes a central light ray propagating along a central axis, such that in each of orthogonal first and second planes that include the central axis, an intensity distribution of the cone of image light as a function of angle relative to the central axis includes a substantially flat peak having a full width of at least 15 degrees across which the peak changes by less than about 20%, and a corresponding fullwidth at half maximum that is less than about 60 degrees.

Abstract: A recycling optical cavity is defined at least by first and second optical films and is configured to receive a test material therein. The test material is configured to emit at least a second light having a second wavelength when irradiated with a first light having a first wavelength. For at least one of s- and p-polarized incident lights incident in an incident plane, and at the first and second wavelengths: at a first incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?1) and T12(?1), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?1) and T22(?1), wherein T11(?1)>T12(?1), T21(?1), T22(?1); and at a second incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?2) and T12(?2), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?2) and T22(?2), wherein T21(?2)>T11(?2), T12(?2), T22(?2).

Abstract: An optical system includes a display, at least one lens, and at least one of a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer. The optical system forms a virtual image of an image emitted by the display for viewing by an eye. The emitted image includes a plurality of cones of image light. Each cone of image light propagates from a different corresponding location on the emitted image and includes a central light ray propagating along a central axis, such that in each of orthogonal first and second planes that include the central axis, an intensity distribution of the cone of image light as a function of angle relative to the central axis includes a substantially flat peak having a full width of at least 15 degrees across which the peak changes by less than about 20%, and a corresponding fullwidth at half maximum that is less than about 60 degrees.

Abstract: An optical system includes a backlight configured to emit light from an emission surface thereof, and a front reflector. The backlight includes at least one light source configured to emit a first light having at least a first wavelength. The front reflector is disposed on a back reflector and defines a recycling optical cavity therebetween. The front reflector defines at least one opening therein. When a test material is disposed in the recycling optical cavity, the test material is configured to emit a second light having at least a second wavelength in response to a stimulus. The emitted second light exits the optical system through the at least one opening of the front reflector after being recycled in the recycling optical cavity. The recycling affects an optical intensity of the exiting light.

Abstract: A display system includes a display configured to emit an image for viewing by a viewer. The display system further includes one or more phase lens layers disposed on, and substantially co-extensive in length and width with the display. Each of the one or more phase lens layers is configured to have different first and second focal lengths for different respective first and second polarization states. The display system further includes a first polarization modifying layer disposed between the display and the one or more phase lens layers. The first polarization modifying layer is configured to receive the emitted image and transmit a transmitted image. The transmitted image has the first and second polarization states in response to different respective first and second signals applied to the first polarization modifying layer.

Abstract: A bi-focal prescription eyewear lens includes a substrate and a reflective polarizer, or a partial reflector, bonded to the substrate. A reflective polarizer substantially transmits light having a first polarization state and substantially reflects light having an orthogonal second polarization state. The bi-focal optical lens has a first focal length for light having the first polarization state and a second focal length for light having the second polarization state. The first focal length is longer than the second focal length. Without the reflective polarizer or partial reflector, the bi-focal optical lens would have a single focal length. Eyeglasses can include the bi-focal prescription eyewear lens.

Abstract: A measurement system is disclosed and includes a light source, a receiver, a measurement subject, and a reflector. The reflector is disposed on an opposite side of the measurement subject than are the light source and the receiver.

Abstract: A bi-focal prescription eyewear lens includes a substrate and a reflective polarizer, or a partial reflector, bonded to the substrate. A reflective polarizer substantially transmits light having a first polarization state and substantially reflects light having an orthogonal second polarization state. The bi-focal optical lens has a first focal length for light having the first polarization state and a second focal length for light having the second polarization state. The first focal length is longer than the second focal length. Without the reflective polarizer or partial reflector, the bi-focal optical lens would have a single focal length. Eyeglasses can include the bi-focal prescription eyewear lens.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements having respective blue, green, and red emission spectra including respective blue, green, and red emission peaks at respective blue, green, and red peak wavelengths with respective blue, green, and red full width at half maxima (FWHMs). The display includes a display panel and an optically collimating film. For a substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, an optical transmittance of the optically collimating film includes substantially distinct blue, green, and red transmission bands having respective blue, green, and red FWHMs that overlap at least 30% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs at a first incident angle of less than about 10 degrees and overlap less than 15% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs at a second incident angle of greater than about 30 degrees.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements having respective blue, green, and red emission spectra including respective blue, green, and red emission peaks at respective blue, green, and red peak wavelengths with respective blue, green, and red full width at half maxima (FWHMs). The display includes a display panel and an optically collimating film. For a substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, an optical transmittance of the optically collimating film includes substantially distinct blue, green, and red transmission bands having respective blue, green, and red FWHMs that overlap at least 30% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs at a first incident angle of less than about 10 degrees and overlap less than 15% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs at a second incident angle of greater than about 30 degrees.

Abstract: An optical system including one or more optical lenses, at least one retarder layer, a reflective polarizer, and a partial reflector is provided. The at least one retarder layer may include first and second retarder layers having different wavelength dispersion curves. The at least one retarder layer may include a first retarder layer having a non-uniform fast axis orientation and/or a non-uniform retardance.

Abstract: An optical assembly including a first optical substrate including a first major surface; a multilayer polymeric optical film disposed on the first major surface of the first optical substrate and including a plurality of polymeric layers numbering greater than about 50 in total; and a first optical bonding layer having an average thickness of less than about 0.5 microns and disposed between, and making physical contact to, the first major surface of the first optical substrate and the multilayer polymeric optical film, the first optical bonding layer bonding the first optical substrate to the multilayer polymeric optical film and including a silanated amine.

Abstract: An optical system including one or more optical lenses, at least one retarder layer, a reflective polarizer, and a partial reflector is provided. The at least one retarder layer may include first and second retarder layers having different wavelength dispersion curves. The at least one retarder layer may include a first retarder layer having a non-uniform fast axis orientation and/or a non-uniform retardance.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display system. The display system includes a backlight configured to emit substantially collimated polarized light from an emission surface thereof. The emitted polarized light is polarized along a polarization direction. The display system further includes a display panel configured to receive an illumination light and form an image. The display system further includes a grating system substantially coextensive in length and width with the display panel and the emission surface. The grating system includes a plurality of substantially parallel elongated features extending along an in-plane first direction and arranged along an orthogonal in-plane second direction. The grating system is configured to receive and transmit an incident polarized light as a first transmitted light having different first and second polarization states in response to different respective first and second signals applied to the grating system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display system. The display system includes a backlight configured to emit substantially collimated polarized light from an emission surface thereof. The emitted polarized light is polarized along a polarization direction. The display system further includes a display panel configured to receive an illumination light and form an image. The display system further includes a grating system substantially coextensive in length and width with the display panel and the emission surface. The grating system includes a plurality of substantially parallel elongated features extending along an in-plane first direction and arranged along an orthogonal in-plane second direction. The grating system is configured to receive and transmit an incident polarized light as a first transmitted light having different first and second polarization states in response to different respective first and second signals applied to the grating system.

Abstract: A display system includes a display configured to emit an image for viewing by a viewer. The display system further includes one or more phase lens layers disposed on, and substantially co-extensive in length and width with the display. Each of the one or more phase lens layers is configured to have different first and second focal lengths for different respective first and second polarization states. The display system further includes a first polarization modifying layer disposed between the display and the one or more phase lens layers. The first polarization modifying layer is configured to receive the emitted image and transmit a transmitted image. The transmitted image has the first and second polarization states in response to different respective first and second signals applied to the first polarization modifying layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes an optical surface configured to receive light at a predetermined wavelength in a range from about 400 nm to about 1000 nm. The optical surface is defined by a vertical axis and a horizontal axis defining four Cartesian quadrants sequentially numbered in a counter-clockwise direction. A first longitudinal section of the optical surface is centered on the vertical axis and a second longitudinal section of the optical surface is centered on the horizontal axis. The first and second longitudinal section each extend across opposite edges of the optical surface and have a same substantially uniform retardance for substantially normally incident light. The optical element includes four discrete retarder sections. Each retarder section is disposed on a respective Cartesian quadrant of the optical surface and has a retardance difference from the substantially uniform retardance of the optical surface that is greater than zero.

Abstract: An optical system includes a display, at least one lens, and at least one of a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer. The optical system forms a virtual image of an image emitted by the display for viewing by an eye. The emitted image includes a plurality of cones of image light. Each cone of image light propagates from a different corresponding location on the emitted image and includes a central light ray propagating along a central axis, such that in each of orthogonal first and second planes that include the central axis, an intensity distribution of the cone of image light as a function of angle relative to the central axis includes a substantially flat peak having a full width of at least 15 degrees across which the peak changes by less than about 20%, and a corresponding fullwidth at half maximum that is less than about 60 degrees.

Abstract: An optical element includes an optical surface configured to receive light at a predetermined wavelength in a range from about 400 nm to about 1000 nm. The optical surface is defined by a vertical axis and a horizontal axis defining four Cartesian quadrants sequentially numbered in a counter-clockwise direction. A first longitudinal section of the optical surface is centered on the vertical axis and a second longitudinal section of the optical surface is centered on the horizontal axis. The first and second longitudinal section each extend across opposite edges of the optical surface and have a same substantially uniform retardance for substantially normally incident light. The optical element includes four discrete retarder sections. Each retarder section is disposed on a respective Cartesian quadrant of the optical surface and has a retardance difference from the substantially uniform retardance of the optical surface that is greater than zero.

Abstract: A recycling optical cavity is defined at least by first and second optical films and is configured to receive a test material therein. The test material is configured to emit at least a second light having a second wavelength when irradiated with a first light having a first wavelength. For at least one of s- and p-polarized incident lights incident in an incident plane, and at the first and second wavelengths: at a first incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?1) and T12(?1), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?1) and T22(?1), wherein T11(?1)>T12(?1), T21(?1), T22(?1); and at a second incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?2) and T12(?2), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?2) and T22(?2), wherein T21(?2)>T11(?2), T12(?2), T22(?2).