Patents by Inventor Michael Lefenfeld
Michael Lefenfeld has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20090306391Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by contacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal-silica gel material in the presence of a solid proton source under conditions sufficient to form the corresponding amine. The invention also relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by a) reacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal-silica gel material, and b) subsequently reacting the reaction product from step a) with an electrophile or a proton source. Preferred Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal-silica gel materials include Na, K2Na, and Na2K.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 13, 2007Publication date: December 10, 2009Applicant: SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLCInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye, Partha Nandi, James Jackson
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Publication number: 20090266771Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 8, 2009Publication date: October 29, 2009Applicant: SiGNa Chemistry, Inc.Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Publication number: 20090187486Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention permit a user to receive content that is directly targeted to that particular user's interests, including a method for targeting content that is arranged on a page that is displayable by a computing device, including the steps of displaying a list of categories of available advertising content, wherein the available advertising content is stored in a database, receiving a selection of at least one of the categories of the advertising content from a user, selecting advertising content from the database that corresponds to the selection of categories received from the user, and transmitting a page including the selected advertising content to a computing device for display on the computing device. In addition, embodiments of the present invention allow the tracking of content from when it is initially shared, to when revenue is generated based on an action of a user on the shared content portion.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 16, 2009Publication date: July 23, 2009Inventors: Michael LEFENFELD, Randall DAVIS
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Patent number: 7560606Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 2007Date of Patent: July 14, 2009Assignee: Signa Chemistry, Inc.Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Publication number: 20090105430Abstract: Stage I Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions or Stage II Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions are shown to be useful to remove impurities and act as drying agents for various types of solvents and for olefinic monomers used in anionic polymerizations. One important advantage of these compositions is their ability to dry simultaneously solvent and monomers, without inducing a significant polymerization of the latter. Another important characteristic is the capacity of the compositions to be totally inactive toward conventional anionic polymerization which allows them to be left in situ during the polymerization itself.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 26, 2008Publication date: April 23, 2009Applicants: SIGNA CHEMISTRY, INC., Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymeres Organiques, ENSCPB-CNRSInventors: Mana ITO, Stephane CARLOTTI, Alain DEFFIEUX, Michael LEFENFELD
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Publication number: 20090041614Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 11, 2008Publication date: February 12, 2009Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Patent number: 7410567Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 2007Date of Patent: August 12, 2008Assignees: SiGNa Chemistry, LLC, Board of Trustees of Michigan State UniversityInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Publication number: 20080111104Abstract: The invention relates to lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions. These lithium metal compositions are prepared by mixing liquid lithium metal with a porous metal oxide in an inert atmosphere under exothermic conditions sufficient to absorb the liquid lithium metal into the porous metal oxide pores. The lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are preferably loaded with lithium metal up to about 40% by weight, with about 20% to 40% by weight being the most preferred loading. The invention also relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. In formula RLi, R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, or an NR1R2 group; R1 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group; and R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and an alkaryl group. The preparation and use of these compositions are also described.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 10, 2007Publication date: May 15, 2008Applicant: SiGNA Chemistry, LLCInventors: Michael LEFENFELD, James L. DYE, Partha NANDI, James JACKSON
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Publication number: 20080063596Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 16, 2007Publication date: March 13, 2008Applicant: SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLCInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James Dye
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Patent number: 7259128Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 2005Date of Patent: August 21, 2007Assignees: SiGNa Chemistry, LLC, Board of Trustees of Michigan State UniversityInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Publication number: 20070167317Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 28, 2007Publication date: July 19, 2007Applicants: SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLC, BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYInventors: Michael LEFENFELD, James DYE
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Patent number: 7211539Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 2004Date of Patent: May 1, 2007Assignees: SIGNa Chemistry, LLC, Board of Trustees of Michigan State UniversityInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James L. Dye
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Publication number: 20060073968Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 22, 2005Publication date: April 6, 2006Applicants: SIGNA Chemistry LLC, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James Dye
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Publication number: 20060002839Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 14, 2005Publication date: January 5, 2006Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James Dye
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Publication number: 20050151278Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 24, 2004Publication date: July 14, 2005Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, James Dye
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Patent number: 6833340Abstract: A method of delivery of active substances to a water-filled environment, specifically a toilet bowl, with a water-soluble polymer as the primary delivery means. The present invention is activated by placement in the water, with the soluble polymer protecting the skin from exposure to the active ingredients. The soluble polymer is composed of a bi-layer capsule or tablet, preferably, with a solid, gas, gel, or liquid core. Alkali metal particles embedded in an interior layer of the capsule or tablet react with water once an exterior layer has dissolved. The alkali metal particles elevate water temperature, especially locally to the interior layer, and volatilize active substances contained within the interior layer. The active substances are preferably deodorants. Alternatively, capsule or tablet is covered with a non-water-soluble final coating layer so that if the present invention is stored or delivered in an aqueous solution, the active substances will not be delivered until desired.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 2003Date of Patent: December 21, 2004Assignee: LB Developments, LLCInventors: Michael Lefenfeld, Steven Berman, Jared Berman, Murray Katz
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Publication number: 20040077513Abstract: A method of delivery of active substances to a water-filled environment, specifically a toilet bowl, with a water-soluble polymer as the primary delivery means. The present invention is activated by placement in the water, with the soluble polymer protecting the skin from exposure to the active ingredients. The soluble polymer is composed of a bi-layer capsule or tablet, preferably, with a solid, gas, gel, or liquid core. Alkali metal particles embedded in an interior layer of the capsule or tablet react with water once an exterior layer has dissolved. The alkali metal particles elevate water temperature, especially locally to the interior layer, and volatilize active substances contained within the interior layer. The active substances are preferably deodorants. Alternatively, capsule or tablet is covered with a non-water-soluble final coating layer so that if the present invention is stored or delivered in an aqueous solution, the active substances will not be delivered until desired.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 17, 2003Publication date: April 22, 2004Inventors: Michael Lefenfeld, Steven Berman, Jared Berman, Murray Katz