Abstract: A coating system for coating inorganic substrates with a wide range of functional materials without having to use the usually necessary high temperatures includes an aqueous solution as component K1, which aqueous solution contains at least Al(H2PO4)3 and Al(NaHPO4)3 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of the solution: P2O5=25.0 to 37.0, Al2O3=5.8 to 9.0, Na2O=0.1 to 2.0, and H2O=54.0 to 66.0, and which includes an additional component K2 having the constituents magnesium oxide, silicate, and borate, which are contained in K2 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of component K2: MgO=70.0 to 95.0, SiO2=1.0 to 19.0, and B2O3=1.0 to 3.0, wherein there is a reactivity of the magnesium oxide of 40 to 400 seconds in the citric acid test and the loss on ignition of component K2 is 0 to 3.0.

Abstract: A coating system for coating inorganic substrates with a wide range of functional materials without having to use the usually necessary high temperatures includes an aqueous solution as component K1, which aqueous solution contains at least Al(H2PO4)3 and Al(NaHPO4)3 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of the solution: P2O5=25.0 to 37.0, Al2O3=5.8 to 9.0, Na2O=0.1 to 2.0, and H2O=54.0 to 66.0, and which includes an additional component K2 having the constituents magnesium oxide, silicate, and borate, which are contained in K2 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of component K2: MgO=70.0 to 95.0, SiO2=1.0 to 19.0, and B2O3=1.0 to 3.0, wherein there is a reactivity of the magnesium oxide of 40 to 400 seconds in the citric acid test and the loss on ignition of component K2 is 0 to 3.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and to a method for the continuous fining or homogenizing of inorganic matter, preferably low-viscosity glass melts in an apparatus. The device and method are distinguished in that the inclusion of bubbles and the occurrence of striations in the glass end product are significantly reduced or even entirely avoided when the melt contact surface of the apparatus has iridium or a high-iridium alloy as its material.

Abstract: A method for melting inorganic materials, preferably glasses and glass-ceramics, in a melting unit with cooled walls is provided. The method includes selecting the temperature of at least one region of the melt is selected in such a way as to be in a range from Teff?20% to Teff+20%, where the temperature Teff is given by the temperature at which the energy consumption per unit weight of the material to be melted is at a minimum, with the throughput having been selected in such a way as to be suitably adapted to the required residence time.

Abstract: In the method and system for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive ingredients in the glass is reduced or preferably is avoided during the melting and fining processes. The glass preferably has a high refractive index. During the process an oxidizing agent is inducted into a fining vessel and preferably also into a melt crucible made of a slit skull that is cooled by a cooling agent. The oxidizing agent is preferably oxygen. Furthermore a system for conducting the method is also described.

Abstract: In the apparatus for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive components in the glass melt is reduced or preferably is prevented during the melting and/or fining processes by introducing an oxidizing agent into the glass melt. The apparatus has a melt crucible, a fining vessel, and a device for conducting oxygen and/or ozone into the glass melt in the melt crucible and/or fining vessel, in order to suppress reduction of reduction-sensitive components of the glass melt. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus has a metallic skull crucible, which includes the melt crucible and/or the fining vessel. The apparatus preferably includes a homogenization unit connected to the fining vessel to receive glass melt from the fining vessel in order to further process the glass melt after refining.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and to a method for the continuous fining or homogenizing of inorganic matter, preferably low-viscosity glass melts in an apparatus. The device and method are distinguished in that the inclusion of bubbles and the occurrence of striations in the glass end product are significantly reduced or even entirely avoided when the melt contact surface of the apparatus has iridium or a high-iridium alloy as its material.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the rapid melting of glasses in a skull crucible is provided. The method and apparatus introduce high-frequency energy into the contents of the crucible by means of a coil arrangement surrounding the skull crucible, in order to heat the melt, and the batch is laid and the molten glass discharged in the upper region of the crucible, and undissolved constituents of the batch are retained by means of a cooled bridge which is immersed in the melt. The glass is taken off above the coil arrangement and is fed for further processing without flowing through the coil region.

Abstract: In the method and system for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive ingredients in the glass is reduced or preferably is avoided during the melting and fining processes. The glass preferably has a high refractive index. During the process an oxidizing agent is inducted into a fining vessel and preferably also into a melt crucible made of a slit skull that is cooled by a cooling agent. The oxidizing agent is preferably oxygen. Furthermore a system for conducting the method is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for low-contamination melting of high-purity, aggressive and/or high-melting glass or glass-ceramic. According to the invention, for this purpose a melt is heated in a crucible or melting skull crucible by means of high-frequency radiation and is mixed or homogenized in the melting crucible. It is preferable for a gas nozzle, from which gas bubbles, e.g. oxygen bubbles (known as O2 bubbling), escape into the melt, to be provided at the base of the crucible. This alone makes it possible to achieve surprising multiple benefits in the melting skull crucible. Firstly, unmelted batch which drops into the melt in solid form, for example from above, is melted down more quickly as a result of more intensive mixing with the liquid fraction of the melt, secondly the temperature distribution in the melt is made more even, thirdly a uniform distribution or mixing of different glass constituents is achieved, and fourthly the redox state of the glass can be adjusted.

Abstract: A method for melting inorganic materials, preferably glasses and glass-ceramics, in a melting unit with cooled walls is provided. The method includes selecting the temperature of at least one region of the melt is selected in such a way as to be in a range from Teff?20% to Teff+20%, where the temperature Teff is given by the temperature at which the energy consumption per unit weight of the material to be melted is at a minimum, with the throughput having been selected in such a way as to be suitably adapted to the required residence time.

Abstract: A process for producing a borate-containing, low-alkali material is provided. The process includes induction-heating a boron-containing melting material directly in an appliance using an alternating electromagnetic field. The, melting material as a constituent includes at least one metal oxide, the metal ions of which have a valency of at least two, in a quantitative proportion of at least 25 mol %, and in which the ratio of the molar substance quantities of silicon dioxide to borate in the melting material is less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for changing glass compositions in continuously operated melting installations which has a significantly shortened melt changeover time and therefore lower costs and in which the glass quality is not adversely affected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-purity bioactive glass, having the following composition in % by weight: SiO2 ??35-86 Na2O ?5.5-35 CaO ??4-46 P2O5 ??1-15 Further additional 0.05-15 substances and to a process for producing it, in which the glass is produced in a radiofrequency-heated skull crucible.

Abstract: In order, inter alia, to provide an apparatus and a process for melting inorganic substances which allow a high product quality to be obtained and the technological outlay to be reduced, the invention provides a process and an apparatus in which the volumetric ratios between a melting region and a refining region can be flexibly adapted.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and an apparatus for the rapid melting of in particular high-purity, aggressive and/or high-melting glasses in a skull crucible, in which high-frequency energy is introduced into the contents of the crucible by means of a coil arrangement surrounding the skull crucible, in order to heat the melt, and the batch is laid and the molten glass discharged in the upper region of the crucible, and undissolved constituents of the batch are retained by means of a cooled bridge which is immersed in the melt. According to the invention, the glass is taken off above the coil arrangement (1.3) and is fed for further processing without flowing through the coil region. This has the advantage that simple, conventional components can be used to connect the melting unit to the further-processing stations, and the type of connection can be selected in such a way that it is possible to prevent the quality of the glass from being impaired by connection techniques which are less than optimum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for changing glass compositions in continuously operated melting installations which has a significantly shortened melt changeover time and therefore lower costs and in which the glass quality is not adversely affected.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for low-contamination melting of high-purity, aggressive and/or high-melting glass or glass-ceramic are provided. For this purpose, a melt is heated in a crucible or melting skull crucible by means of high-frequency radiation and is mixed or homogenized in the melting crucible. A gas nozzle, from which gas bubbles, e.g. oxygen bubbles (known as O2 bubbling), escape into the melt, is provided at the base of the crucible.