Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing ?,?ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid, comprising (i) providing a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde, acetic acid and acrylic acid, where the molar ratio of acrylic acid to the sum total of formaldehyde and acetic acid in stream S1 is in the range from 0.005:1 to 0.3:1; (ii) contacting stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst in a reaction zone to obtain a gaseous stream S2 comprising acrylic acid.

Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein an alkene and carbon dioxide are reacted in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and in the presence of a specific aryloxide to obtain the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex. The process allows for efficient preparation of ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid, is performed by (i) providing a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde, acetic acid, oxygen and water, where the formaldehyde content of stream S1 is in the range from 8% to 18% by volume, based on the total volume of stream S1, the ratio of the volumes of acetic acid to formaldehyde is in the range from 0.6:1 to 1.1:1, and the molar ratio of oxygen to the total amount of organic carbon is in the range from 0.02:1 to 0.15:1; and (ii) contacting stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst in a reaction zone to obtain a gaseous stream S2 containing acrylic acid.

Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing ?-?ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from acetic acid and formaldehyde, which comprises (a) provision of a stream S1 comprising acetic acid and formaldehyde, where the molar ratio of acetic acid to formaldehyde in the stream S1 is in the range from 0.5:1 to 2:1; (b) contacting of the stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen to give a stream S2 comprising acrylic acid, where, in (b), the space velocity WHSV is in the range from 0.35 to 7.0 kg/kg/h.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid, comprising (i) providing a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde, acetic acid and acrylic acid, where the molar ratio of acrylic acid to the sum total of formaldehyde and acetic acid in stream S1 is in the range from 0.005:1 to 0.3:1; (ii) contacting stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst in a reaction zone to obtain a gaseous stream S2 comprising acrylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid, comprising (i) providing a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde, acetic acid, oxygen and water, where the formaldehyde content of stream S1 is in the range from 8% to 18% by volume, based on the total volume of stream S1, the ratio of the volumes of acetic acid to formaldehyde is in the range from 0.6:1 to 1.1:1, and the molar ratio of oxygen to the total amount of organic carbon is in the range from 0.02:1 to 0.15:1; (ii) contacting stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst in a reaction zone to obtain a gaseous stream S2 comprising acrylic acid.

Abstract: An oxidic composition comprising vanadium, tungsten, phosphorus, oxygen and optionally tin, where the molar ratio of phosphorus to the sum total of vanadium, tungsten and any tin in the oxidic composition is in the range from 1.4:1 to 2.4:1.

Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein an alkene and carbon dioxide are reacted in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and in the presence of a specific aryloxide to obtain the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex. The process allows for efficient preparation of ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid, comprising (i) providing a stream S4 comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid; (ii) contacting stream S4 with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising aluminum in the framework structure to obtain a stream S6 comprising acrylic acid, the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) comprising YO2 and Al2O3, and Y being a tetravalent element; where the total content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in the zeolitic material in (ii), calculated as alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide, is from 0% to 0.1% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the zeolitic material, and where the aldol condensation catalyst in (ii) comprises, outside the framework structure of the zeolitic material present therein, from 0% to 1% by weight of vanadium, based on vanadium as vanadium(V) oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid comprising (i) providing a stream comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid and (ii) contacting this stream with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material, wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) includes Si and O, and has a molar Al:Si ratio of 0:1 to 0.001:1, and wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii), in addition to Si and any Al, comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tetravalent elements Y other than Si and trivalent elements X other than Al.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from acetic acid and formaldehyde, which comprises (a) provision of a stream S1 comprising acetic acid and formaldehyde, where the molar ratio of acetic acid to formaldehyde in the stream S1 is in the range from 0.5:1 to 2:1; (b) contacting of the stream S1 with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen to give a stream S2 comprising acrylic acid, where, in (b), the space velocity WHSV is in the range from 0.35 to 7.0 kg/kg/h.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid comprising (i) providing a stream comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid and (ii) contacting this stream with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material, wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) includes Si and O, and has a molar Al:Si ratio of 0:1 to 0.001:1, and wherein the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii), in addition to Si and any Al, comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tetravalent elements Y other than Si and trivalent elements X other than Al.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid, comprising (i) providing a stream S4 comprising a formaldehyde source and acetic acid; (ii) contacting stream S4 with an aldol condensation catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising aluminum in the framework structure to obtain a stream S6 comprising acrylic acid, the framework structure of the zeolitic material in (ii) comprising YO2 and Al2O3, and Y being a tetravalent element; where the total content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in the zeolitic material in (ii), calculated as alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide, is from 0% to 0.1% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the zeolitic material, and where the aldol condensation catalyst in (ii) comprises, outside the framework structure of the zeolitic material present therein, from 0% to 1% by weight of vanadium, based on vanadium as vanadium(V) oxide.