Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a towel and/or a liquid, which stores information pertaining to an amount of the towel and/or liquid that is arranged in the apparatus and/or dispensed by the apparatus. The apparatus stores the information in a control data memory that is able to be written to only once. The control data memory is part of a radio chip. The apparatus stores the information pertaining to the dispensed amount in a comparison data memory that is erasable and rewritable. The apparatus automatically compares the information pertaining to the dispensed amount of the towel and/or liquid that is stored in the control data memory and in the comparison data memory with one another. The apparatus prevents the towel and/or liquid from being dispensed, or stores the information pertaining to the amount that is stored in the control data memory in the comparison data memory, if the information of the control data memory and that of the comparison data memory are not consistent with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cleaning a toilet seat (12). In order to achieve a satisfactory cleansing consuming as little energy as possible, the inventive device comprises a mobile cleaning unit (18) which can be moved along the toilet seat (12) by means of water power.

Abstract: An aqueous solution contains phosphate for producing layers of phosphate on metal surfaces selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, zinc alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys. The solution contains 0.3 to 5 g Zn2+/1, 0.1 to 2 g nitroguanidine/1 and 0.05 to 0.5 g hydroxylamine/l, with an S-value amounting to 0.03 to 0.3 and the ratio of the weight of Zn2+ to P2O5=1:5 to 1.30.