Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products.

Abstract: Examples described herein may provide for pre-triggering imaging scans (e.g. fMRI scans) using an electronic timer synchronized to a stimulation system.

Abstract: Examples described herein may provide for pre-triggering imaging scans (e.g. fMRI scans) using an electronic timer synchronized to a stimulation system.

Abstract: A method of measuring flavor properties. A method of quantifying, measuring, and/or predicting the compatibility, solubility, effective encapsulation and/or emulsification of flavors in a carrier, and performance in applications is described, by measuring the polarity of the flavor through its dielectric constant.

Abstract: An electron microscope assembly suitable for enhancing an image of a lithography tool includes an electron microscope configured for positioning below a lithography stage of an e-beam lithography tool, the lithography stage of the e-beam lithography tool including an aperture for providing the microscope line-of-sight to the lithography optics of the lithography tool, a translation unit configured to selectively translate the microscope along the optical axis of the lithography optics of the lithography tool responsive to a translation control system, the translation unit further configured to position the microscope in an operational state such that the optics of the microscope are positioned proximate to the lithography optics, a docking unit configured to reversibly mechanically couple the microscope with the lithography tool, the microscope configured to magnify a virtual sample plane image generated by the lithography tool.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a communication bridge between a physical location and a virtual location are provided. In particular, the presence of a visitor to a physical location is detected, and notification of the presence of a visitor is provided to a user associated with the physical location. The notification may include an identification of the visitor. Following notification, real-time communications between the visitor at the first physical location and the user at the virtual location are established, without requiring entry of a communication address for the virtual office of the user by the visitor.

Abstract: Methods of determining a material optical property for optical metrology of a structure is described. One method includes simulating a set of diffraction orders for a grating structure based on two or more azimuth angles and on one or more angles of incidence. A simulated spectrum is provided based on the set of diffraction orders. Another method includes simulating a set of diffraction orders for a grating structure based on two or more angles of incidence. A simulated spectrum is provided based on the set of diffraction orders.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a composition for the manufacture of a medicament comprising living or dead bacteria with controlled amounts of surface-coupled proteins or proteinaceous compounds and a method for the preparation of the composition. The bacterium provides a multivalent heterologous protein display vehicle that may be used in the manufacture of vaccines or medicaments for delivery via the mucosa.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a massive multiplayer online game or event. An online server is connected to the world wide web. A first remote having a first sensor to detect movement and orientation of a first user, wherein first data signals are communicated from said sensor to the online server; and a second remote having a second sensor to detect movement and orientation of a second user, wherein data signals are communicated from said sensor to the online server are used. A machine readable program with the rules of a game or event thereon to coordinate the first data signals and the second data signals in accordance with the game.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a massive multiplayer online game or event. An online server is connected to the world wide web. A first sensor to detect movement and orientation of a first user, wherein first data signals are communicated from said sensor to the online server; and a second sensor to detect movement and orientation of a second user, wherein data signals are communicated from said sensor to the online server are used. A machine readable program having protocol thereon to coordinate the first data signals and the second data signals in accordance with the protocol of the event.

Abstract: The invention provides a fed-batch or continuous process for producing heterologous peptides, polypeptides or proteins in lactic acid bacteria, comprising the steps of (i) constructing a recombinant lactic acid bacterium comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for the heterologous peptide, polypeptide or protein, and appropriate regulatory nucleotide sequences such as regulatable promoters and signal peptides to control the expression of the coding sequence and the secretion of gene product, (ii) cultivating the recombinant bacterium under or continuous cultivation conditions to express the gene, and (iii) harvesting the recombinant bacterium or the gene product. Preferably, the cultivation medium is a chemically defined or synthetic medium optionally supplemented with yeast extract.

Abstract: A method of identifying nucleotide sequences coding for signal peptides in lactic acid bacteria, using a DNA molecule comprising a transposon including a promoterless reporter gene from which DNA molecule a region between the LR and the reporter gene is deleted and the DNA molecule comprises a DNA sequence coding for a secretion reporter molecule. By deleting the region between the LR and the reporter gene, stop codons in-frame with the secretion reporter molecule is removed which upon transposition permits translational fusions from upstream the LR.

Abstract: In general, the invention is directed to systems and methods for monitoring the gastrointestinal system of a patient. In one embodiment, the invention includes techniques for monitoring the emptying of the patient's stomach. The techniques may employ glucose monitoring, pH monitoring with a consumable sensor, of monitoring the position of a consumable sensor as it exits the stomach. Consumable sensors may be employed to sense conditions, such as temperature or bile concentration, in other segments of the gastrointestinal system. The invention also includes systems for tracking the position of one or more consumable sensors as the sensors transit the gastrointestinal system, and monitoring the conditions sensed by the sensors.

Abstract: A series of carriers mount on a vertical shaft. Each carrier has one or more receptacles that can hold a bottle. The shaft mounts to a wall. The mounting of the carrier to the shaft allows the carriers to pivot about the axis of the shaft. The user can orient the receptacles to the right, left or other positions for a pleasing grouping of the bottles.

Abstract: Method of using an esophageal catheter. A distal end of the catheter is passed through the esophagus into the stomach of a patient. A constant pressure of gas is applied to the catheter. The back pressure of the gas is measured. The distal end of the catheter is pulled from the patient. An increase in the pressure measured is noted. A subsequent decrease in the pressure measured is then noted. The upper boundary of the lower esophageal sphincter is identified as a function of such decrease. The catheter is then used to place a remote monitoring device to the esophagus.

Abstract: There is described a hand-held grinding tool with a replaceable grinding-plate part, preferably comprising a steel plate, where on a grinding surface there is applied an abrasive coating in the form of grains of hard metal, which is preferably secured by soldering, the hand tool further comprising a handling part and clamping means for clamping the grinding-plate part to the handling part in a replaceable manner.

Abstract: In general, the invention is directed to systems and methods for monitoring the gastrointestinal system of a patient. In one embodiment, the invention includes techniques for monitoring the emptying of the patient's stomach. The techniques may employ glucose monitoring, pH monitoring with a consumable sensor, of monitoring the position of a consumable sensor as it exits the stomach. Consumable sensors may be employed to sense conditions, such as temperature or bile concentration, in other segments of the gastrointestinal system. The invention also includes systems for tracking the position of one or more consumable sensors as the sensors transit the gastrointestinal system, and monitoring the conditions sensed by the sensors.

Abstract: A method of identifying nucleotide sequences coding for signal peptides in lactic acid bacteria, using a DNA molecule comprising a transposon including a promoterless reporter gene from which DNA molecule a region between the LR and the reporter gene is deleted and the DNA molecule comprises a DNA sequence coding for a secretion reporter molecule. By deleting the region between the LR and the reporter gene, stop codons in-frame with the secretion reporter molecule is removed which upon transposition permits translational fusions from upstream the LR.

Abstract: The complete DNA sequences for adhE and pfl genes of Lactococcus lactis, recombinant replicons comprising one or both of these genes or comprising mutants or variants hereof including mutants in which the genes are inactivated, and recombinant lactic acid bacteria comprising such a replicon are provided. The gene sequences and/or sequences regulating the expression of the genes can be modified to provide metabolically engineered lactic acid bacteria which have an enhanced or reduced production of one or more metabolites resulting from citrate and/or sugar fermentation. Such metabolically modified cell are useful as starter cultures in the manufacturing of food products and animal feed having improved flavour and/or shelf life, including dairy products, or they can be used directly in the manufacturing of a lactic acid bacterial metabolite.

Abstract: Nucleotide sequences coding for a promoter activity-regulating polypeptide designated OrfY, isolated from Lactococcus lactis, and promoter activity-regulating active homologues and fragments hereof is used to indirectly regulating the expression of genes. The coding sequence is inserted into lactic acid bacterial cells or any other cells with the objective of either reducing or enhancing the expression level of the gene being under the control of the promoter sequence, the activity of which is regulated by the OrfY polypeptide or homologues or fragments hereof. Improved gene expression systems are provided based on this promoter activity-regulating polypeptide.