Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass pharmaceutical vials having sidewalls of reduced thickness. In embodiments, the glass pharmaceutical vial may include a glass body comprising a sidewall enclosing an interior volume. An outer diameter D of the glass body is equal to a diameter d1 of a glass vial of size X as defined by ISO 8362-1, wherein X is one of 2R, 3R, 4R, 6R, 8R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 50R, and 100R as defined by ISO 8362-1. However, the sidewall of the glass pharmaceutical vial comprises an average wall thickness Ti that is less than or equal to 0.85*s1, wherein s1 is a wall thickness of the glass vial of size X as defined by ISO 8362-1 and X is one of 2R, 3R, 4R, 6R, 8R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 50R, and 100R as defined by ISO 8362-1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass pharmaceutical vials having sidewalls of reduced thickness. In embodiments, the glass pharmaceutical vial may include a glass body comprising a sidewall enclosing an interior volume. An outer diameter D of the glass body is equal to a diameter d1 of a glass vial of size X as defined by ISO 8362-1, wherein X is one of 2R, 3R, 4R, 6R, 8R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 50R, and 100R as defined by ISO 8362-1. However, the sidewall of the glass pharmaceutical vial comprises an average wall thickness Ti that is less than or equal to 0.85*s1, wherein s1 is a wall thickness of the glass vial of size X as defined by ISO 8362-1 and X is one of 2R, 3R, 4R, 6R, 8R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 50R, and 100R as defined by ISO 8362-1.

Abstract: A system for visualizing financial data of an organization comprises a database for storing and processing the financial data, a dynamic rules based engine, a graphical interface for depicting the financial data as instruments that are part of an instrument panel within a vehicle, such as an airplane, and a software program residing on the database. The software program comprises machine readable or interpretable instructions for converting the financial data into graphics representing the instrument panel. The database preferably has links established with financial and/or measurement formulas, wherein each financial formula is linked with one or more instruments on the instrument panel. The database also has links established with the financial data such that as new financial data is entered into the database, the instruments automatically change to reflect the new data, thereby altering a path of the vehicle.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of processing a signal which comprises sampling the signal at a sampling frequency. Discrete time components at the sampling interval are thereby generated. Inverting alternate ones of the discrete time components thereby translates a frequency component of the sampled signal in one part of the Nyquist band to another part of the Nyquist band. The step of inverting alternate ones of the discrete time components is shown to comprise multiplying the sampled signal by a reference signal at half the sampling frequency and having discrete time components at the sampling interval. Circuitry for implementing the method is also disclosed.