Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring the magnetic field of an electromagnetic component having the steps of: instrumenting one or more portions of an electromagnetic component by placing an optical fiber in electromagnetic communication with the one or more portions of said electromagnetic component; energizing the electromagnetic component; interrogating the optical fiber using light and an optical detector; and determining changes in the magnetic field incident on the optical fiber based on the detected changes in the light received by the optical detector.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring the magnetic field of an electromagnetic component having the steps of: instrumenting one or more portions of an electromagnetic component by placing an optical fiber in electromagnetic communication with the one or more portions of said electromagnetic component; energizing the electromagnetic component; interrogating the optical fiber using light and an optical detector; and determining changes in the magnetic field incident on the optical fiber based on the detected changes in the light received by the optical detector.

Abstract: An OFDR based fiber-optics sensor for distributed real-time temperature rise monitoring of a transformer in operation has been disclosed. The fiber-optic sensor provides an effective solution to monitoring the physical structures of the transformer core, as well as accurately detecting the non-uniform temperature distribution inside the transformer, and thus provides innovative feedback to the transformer design by minimizing the core losses. Additionally, the method may be responsive to the presence of magnetic and electric fields, as well as responsive to various chemical species. The method allows novel approaches to real-time asset monitoring of power transformers while operational.

Abstract: An OFDR based fiber-optics sensor for distributed real-time temperature rise monitoring of a transformer in operation has been disclosed. The fiber-optic sensor provides an effective solution to monitoring the physical structures of the transformer core, as well as accurately detecting the non-uniform temperature distribution inside the transformer, and thus provides innovative feedback to the transformer design by minimizing the core losses. Additionally, the method may be responsive to the presence of magnetic and electric fields, as well as responsive to various chemical species. The method allows novel approaches to real-time asset monitoring of power transformers while operational.

Abstract: A high viscosity synthetic ester base stock of about ISO 68 to 400 is formed from a neopentylpolyol condensed with at least one monocarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of linear acids having between 4 to 10 carbon atoms and branched chain acids having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms in an excess of hydroxyl to carboxylic acid groups to form a partial polyneopentylpolyol ester that is further reacted with the same or similar acid to form a high viscosity polyneopentylpolyol ester. Lubricants formed from the base stocks have satisfactory miscibility with standard highly or fully fluorinated refrigeration fluids.

Abstract: Soot in a lubricated diesel engine is effectively dispersed without adversely affecting the viscosity of the lubricant by using a particular lubricant. The lubricant utilized comprises a lubricant base stock (e.g. more than 75% by weight), a dispersant (e.g. from 0.2-less than 4% from a detergent inhibitor (D1) package), and a functionalized viscosity index improver (e.g. from 0.1-2.5% by solids weight). The functionalized viscosity index improver is a highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product of an oxygen, a nitrogen, or an oxygen and nitrogen containing, ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic monomer having from 2 to about 50 carbon atoms grafted onto a polyolefin copolymer. Also, 0-2.5% by solids weight of another viscosity index improver besides the highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product may be added, as well as other conventional additives.

Abstract: A metal or alloy nanoparticle is provided which exhibits hysteresis at room temperature having a carbon coating. The nanoparticle has a diameter in the range of approximately 0.5 to 50 nm, and may be crystalline or amorphous. The metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticle is formed by preparing graphite rods which are packed with the magnetic metal or alloy or an oxide of the metal or alloy. The packed graphite rods are subjected to a carbon arc discharge to produce soot containing metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticles and non-magnetic species. The soot is subsequently subjected to a magnetic field gradient to separate the metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticles from the non-magnetic species.

Abstract: A metal or alloy nanoparticle is provided which exhibits hysteresis at room temperature having a carbon coating. The nanoparticle has a diameter in the range of approximately 0.5 to 50 nm, and may crystalline or amorphous. The metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticle is formed by preparing graphite rods which are packed with the magnetic metal or alloy. or an oxide of the metal or alloy. The packed graphite rods are subjected to a carbon arc discharge to produce soot containing metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticles and non-magnetic species. The spot is subsequently subjected to a magnetic field gradient to separate the metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticles from the non-magnetic species.

Abstract: A magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticle is provided having a carbon coating. The nanoparticle has a diameter in the range of approximately 5 to 60 nm, and may be crystalline or amorphous. The magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticle is formed by preparing graphite rods which are packed with a magnetic metal oxide. The packed graphite rods are subjected to a carbon arc discharge to produce soot containing magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticles and non-magnetic species. The soot is subsequently subjected to a magnetic field gradient to separate the magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticles from the non-magnetic species. Ferromagnetic or paramagnetic compounds are made by starting with graphite rods packed with the oxides of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese bismuth, or a rare earth element excluding lanthanum, lutetium and promethium, or a paramagnetic transition metal.