Abstract: Hydrogen cyanamide (HyCyn) is a product derived from calcium cyanamide. Three decades ago HyCyn became commercially available as a plant growth regulator. Sprayed on dormant plants, it provides uniform bud-break. This present invention provides repeatable methods for using aqueous HyCyn, and other similar water-soluble low molecular weight cyanamide or nitrile containing compounds, as stand-alone biocides. Qualities include: safer delivery to field settings, fewer environmental impacts and predictable plant growth improvement. HyCyn with its systemic qualities can act as a fertilizer, desiccant, nematicide, fungicide, herbicide, growth regulator and an agent of enzyme inactivation. These biocidal and other effects appear to be a result of double or triple bonds connecting carbon with nitrogen, and therefore it is expected that other water-soluble low molecular weight compounds having carbon-nitrogen double or triple bonds can act similarly.

Abstract: Hydrogen cyanamide (HyCyn) is a product derived from calcium cyanamide. Three decades ago HyCyn became commercially available as a plant growth regulator. Sprayed on dormant plants, it provides uniform bud-break. This present invention provides repeatable methods for using aqueous HyCyn, and other similar water-soluble low molecular weight cyanamide or nitrile containing compounds, as stand-alone biocides. Qualities include: safer delivery to field settings, fewer environmental impacts and predictable plant growth improvement. HyCyn with its systemic qualities can act as a fertilizer, desiccant, nematicide, fungicide, herbicide, growth regulator and an agent of enzyme inactivation. These biocidal and other effects appear to be a result of double or triple bonds connecting carbon with nitrogen, and therefore it is expected that other water-soluble low molecular weight compounds having carbon-nitrogen double or triple bonds can act similarly.

Abstract: A new and distinct variety of walnut rootstock denominated ‘VX211’ is described. This new variety, ‘VX211’, can be propagated through micropropagation or rooted cuttings. ‘VX211’ has vigor and survivability in the nursery and in the orchard. It has reduced susceptibility to damage from nematodes (Pratylenchus vulnus) compared to other Paradox rootstock. ‘VX211’ also has reduced susceptibility to damage from Phytophthora citricola in greenhouse screens and in the field compared to other Paradox rootstock.

Abstract: A new and distinct grape (Vitis vinifera L. species), RS-9, which is useful as a rootstock, is distinguished by providing broad resistance to nematodes.

Abstract: A new and distinct grape plant (Vitis vinifera L. species), ‘RS-3’, which is usefull as a rootstock, is distinguished by providing broad resistance to nematodes.

Abstract: A new and distinct grape (Vitis vinifera L. species), RS-9, which is useful as a rootstock, is distinguished by providing broad resistance to nematodes.

Abstract: A new and distinct grape plant (Vitis vinifera L. species), ‘RS-3’, which is useful as a rootstock, is distinguished by providing broad resistance to nematodes.

Abstract: A new and distinct variety of walnut rootstock denominated ‘VX211’ is described. This new variety, ‘VX211’, can be propagated through standard tissue culture micropropagation or rooted cuttings. ‘VX211’ has vigor and survivability in the nursery and in the orchard. It has reduced susceptibility to damage from nematodes (Pratylenchus vulnus) compared to other ‘Paradox’ rootstock. ‘VX211’ also has reduced susceptibility to damage from Phytophthora citricola in greenhouse screens and in the field compared to other ‘Paradox’ rootstock.