Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for making and using a firearm that includes an extendable light source that can be selectively moved closer to and farther from a longitudinal axis of a barrel of the firearm. In some cases, the light source includes a laser or a light bulb, such as an LED. By being able to selectively move closer to and farther from the barrel's longitudinal axis, the light source can be adjusted so that it is able to shine past one or more attachments that are placed on a distal end of the firearm. Other implementations are also described.

Abstract: An accessory unit includes a front flap and a rear cover. The rear cover includes a recessed portion that defines a chamber and a frame that extends about an opening of the chamber. The chamber is configured to receive a consumer electronic device, and the frame is configured to hold the consumer electronic device therein. For example, the frame may define a multi-sided cross-section with an inner edge thereof configured to engage a chamfered edge of the consumer electronic device. The front flap may include segments formed from panels with folding regions therebetween, which allow the front flap to fold. Further, an end region of the front flap hingedly couples the front flap to the rear cover, such that the front flap may be moved between open and closed configurations.

Abstract: An accessory unit includes a front flap and a rear cover. The rear cover includes a recessed portion that defines a chamber and a frame that extends about an opening of the chamber. The chamber is configured to receive a consumer electronic device, and the frame is configured to hold the consumer electronic device therein. For example, the frame may define a multi-sided cross-section with an inner edge thereof configured to engage a chamfered edge of the consumer electronic device. The front flap may include segments formed from panels with folding regions therebetween, which allow the front flap to fold. Further, an end region of the front flap hingedly couples the front flap to the rear cover, such that the front flap may be moved between open and closed configurations.

Abstract: A method includes receiving network distance information, receiving a request from a client for an identity of a peer providing content, and identifying a first peer and a second peer providing the content. The network distance information includes a compilation of network distance information provided by a plurality of service providers. The method further includes determining that a network distance between the first peer and the client is less than a network distance between the second peer and the client based on the network distance information, and providing the identity of the first peer to the client.

Abstract: A customizable firearm is disclosed. The firearm can perform one or more functions, including firing a bullet, firing a less-than-lethal projectile, and/or providing light. In some cases, the firearm includes a main frame component having an inner cavity, wherein a barrel is slidably received within the cavity so as to selectively slide back and forth within the cavity. In some cases, a proximal end of the barrel comprises a bullet chamber. In such cases, the barrel fires the bullet by carrying the bullet proximally and striking it against a stationary firing pin. In other cases, a firing pin is attached to a distal end of the barrel. In such cases, the barrel discharges the firearm by moving the firing pin distally and striking a cartridge at a distal end of the main frame. In some cases, the barrel rotates between a safe and a fire alignment. Other implementations are described.

Abstract: A method includes receiving network distance information, receiving a request from a client for an identity of a peer providing content, and identifying a first peer and a second peer providing the content. The network distance information includes a compilation of network distance information provided by a plurality of service providers. The method further includes determining that a network distance between the first peer and the client is less than a network distance between the second peer and the client based on the network distance information, and providing the identity of the first peer to the client.

Abstract: A method includes receiving network distance information, receiving a request from a client for an identity of a peer providing content, and identifying a first peer and a second peer providing the content. The network distance information includes a compilation of network distance information provided by a plurality of service providers. The method further includes determining that a network distance between the first peer and the client is less than a network distance between the second peer and the client based on the network distance information, and providing the identity of the first peer to the client.

Abstract: A method includes receiving network distance information, receiving a request from a client for an identity of a peer providing content, and identifying a first peer and a second peer providing the content. The network distance information includes a compilation of network distance information provided by a plurality of service providers. The method further includes determining that a network distance between the first peer and the client is less than a network distance between the second peer and the client based on the network distance information, and providing the identity of the first peer to the client.

Abstract: A cryptographic communication system. The system, which employs a novel combination of public and private key cryptography, allows two parties, who share only a relatively insecure password, to bootstrap a computationally secure cryptographic system over an insecure network. The system is secure against active and passive attacks, and has the property that the password is protected against offline "dictionary" attacks. If Alice and Bob are two parties who share the password P one embodiment of the system involves the following steps: (1) Alice generates a random public key E, encrypts it with P and sends P(E) to Bob; (2) Bob decrypts to get E, encrypts a random secret key R with E and sends E(R) to Alice; (3) Alice decrypts to get R, generates a random challenge C.sub.A and sends R(C.sub.A) to Bob; (4) Bob decrypts to get C.sub.A, generates a random challenge C.sub.B and sends R(C.sub.A, C.sub.B) to Alice; (5) Alice decrypts to get (C.sub.A, C.sub.B), compares the first against the challenge and sends R(C.

Abstract: An inoculating alloy for gray iron, said alloy consisting essentially of 65.0-70.0% silicon, 8.0-10% titanium, 5% max manganese, 2.0-2.5% barium, 1.0-1.5% calcium, 1.5% max aluminum, the balance being iron and incidental impurities.

Abstract: A method of making a silicon alloy, and preferably a ferrosilicon alloy, having a controlled calcium content and optionally rare earth constituents wherein the calcium and rare earth constituents are separately introduced into the ferrosilicon smelting furnace in briquette form. The calcium briquettes comprise a compressed and cured mixture of calcium carbonate, preferably in the form of pulverized limestone, a carbon source, such as carbon black, and a binder. The briquetted calcium carbonate dissociates as it is heated during its descent in the smelting furnace and transforms to calcium oxide. The resultant calcium oxide reacts with the carbon in the briquette in the high temperature smelting zone to yield calcium carbide which then reacts with silica to form calcium silicide which then enters into solution with the molten ferrosilicon alloy.