Abstract: A photovoltaic module includes several cell rows of serially connected photovoltaic cells and one or more bypass components. The cell rows are arranged next to each other perpendicular to a current direction which is formed in the serially connected photovoltaic cells during operation and are connected in such a way that at least two adjacent cell rows comprise the same current direction. The one or more bypass components bypass at least one of the adjacent cell rows of the same current direction.

Abstract: A solar module having at least two substring groups, each including an upper substring having solar cells connected in series and arranged in a matrix having two adjacent columns and a plurality of rows, and a lower substring having solar cells connected in series and arranged in a matrix having two adjacent columns and a plurality of rows. The lower and upper substrings include the same number of solar cells. A cross-connector interconnects the lower and upper substrings electrically in parallel forming the substring group. A bypass diode is arranged electrically in the cross-connector, and cross-connectors of each substring group are interconnected electrically in series. Two columns of the lower substring include a different number of solar cells and two columns of the upper substring include a different number of solar cells, such that the number of solar cells of the upper substring and of the lower substring is odd.

Abstract: A solar module having at least two substring groups, each including an upper substring having solar cells connected in series and arranged in a matrix having two adjacent columns and a plurality of rows, and a lower substring having solar cells connected in series and arranged in a matrix having two adjacent columns and a plurality of rows. The lower and upper substrings include the same number of solar cells. A cross-connector interconnects the lower and upper substrings electrically in parallel forming the substring group. A bypass diode is arranged electrically in the cross-connector, and cross-connectors of each substring group are interconnected electrically in series. Two columns of the lower substring include a different number of solar cells and two columns of the upper substring include a different number of solar cells, such that the number of solar cells of the upper substring and of the lower substring is odd.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar module (1) comprising at least two solar cells (3, 5), wherein each of the solar cells (3, 5) comprises an upper end (21), a lower end (23) which is situated opposite the upper end (21), two opposite side ends (25, 27) and at least one busbar (11, 13) which extends from the first side end (25) to the opposite second side end (27) of the solar cell (3, 5), wherein at least one finger (7, 9) of the solar cell (3, 5) makes electrical contact with the busbar (11, 13), wherein at least one first busbar (11) of at least one first solar cell (3) is arranged at a first side end (25), which is situated opposite a second side end (27) of at least one second solar cell (5) which is arranged or can be arranged next to the first solar cell, at a first distance from the upper end (21) of the at least one first solar cell (3), and at least one second busbar (13) of the at least one second solar cell (5) is arranged at the second side end (27) at a second distance from the upper end (

Abstract: A solar module rear side encapsulation element having a laminate-type layer construction having at least one polymer plate or polymer foil having a laminate surface. The laminate-type layer construction has at least one protective layer having layer openings. The protective layer covers at least 70% of the laminate surface by a covering area, and due to the layer openings at least 15% and maximum 99.9% of the regions of the solar module rear side encapsulation element lying under the protective layer are covered in the covering area, and the protective layer is formed as a structure made of threads, thus being open to diffusion.

Abstract: A urinal for use by persons of either sex. The urinal has a receptacle member and a tube, the receptacle member being pivotally mounted and movable between a variable first position and a second position. The receptacle member is usable by a person for the voiding of waste liquids therein when the receptacle member is in the first position. A tube is located within the receptacle member and adapted to be connected to a supply of water. The tube provides continuous flushing of the receptacle member with water when the receptacle member is in the first position. The receptacle member is connected to a drain for disposal of the waste liquids and water.