Abstract: A desalination battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an intercalation compound contained in the first electrode, a container configured to contain a saline water solution, and a power source. The intercalation compound includes at least one of a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal oxychloride, a metalloid oxychloride, and a hydrate thereof with each having a ternary or higher order. The first and second electrodes are configured to be arranged in fluid communication with the saline water solution. The power source is configured to supply electric current to the first and second electrodes in different operating states to induce a reversible intercalation reaction within the intercalation compound. The intercalation compound reversibly stores and releases target anions from the saline water solution to generate a fresh water solution in one operating state and a wastewater solution in another operating state.

Abstract: The teachings herein include methods for operating a low- or medium-voltage power supply network including lines and a plurality of systems connected thereto. The method may include: providing GIS data with geographic location information relating to the power supply network; producing a branch model of the lines on the basis of the GIS data, including determining a starting probability for connections; providing system data characterizing at least one system; producing a prior model of the network by combining the branch model with the system data, including determining a starting probability for the system; generating an input state describing a possible state of the power supply network described by the prior model; carrying out a load flow simulation calculating a state variable on the basis of the input state; determining a state model of the power supply network on the basis of the state variable; and operating the power supply network based on the state model.

Abstract: An air duct of an internal combustion engine has an inner pipe providing a flow channel and a housing with a first housing part and a second housing part, wherein the inner pipe is arranged in the housing. The first housing part and the second housing part enclose a chamber between the inner pipe and the housing. The inner pipe has at least one section with perforations in a wall of the inner pipe, wherein the perforations completely penetrate the wall of the inner pipe. A cylindrical acoustic component at least partially encloses the at least one section of the inner pipe at an outer side of the inner pipe. A wall of the cylindrical acoustic component is provided, at least in sections thereof, with continuous openings. The flow channel is acoustically connected via the perforations and via the continuous openings to the chamber.

Abstract: A desalination device includes a container, first and second electrodes, an anion exchange membrane (AEM), and a power source. The container contains saline water that has an elevated concentration of dissolved salts. The AEM separates the container into first and second compartments into which the first and second electrodes, respectively, are arranged. The AEM has a continuous porous structure and a plurality of negatively-charged oxygen functional groups coupled to the porous structure. The power source is configured to selectively apply a voltage to one of the first and second electrodes. The AEM has a selective permeability when the voltage is applied such that cations in the saline water solution have a first diffusion rate d1 therethrough and anions in the saline water solution have a second diffusion rate d2 therethrough. The first diffusion rate d1 is less than the second diffusion rate d2 and greater than or equal to zero.

Abstract: A method for determining a target geometry of a track for correcting the geometry of the track. An actual geometry of the track is detected first on a track section by a measuring system and the target geometry is calculated on the basis of the actual track geometry afterwards by way of a computing unit. Actual position points of the track are detected along the track section by a position detection system, with at least one actual position point being given to the computing unit as a point of restraint, and with the target geometry being calculated by the computing unit such that the target geometry is adapted to the actual geometry as a sequence of geometric track alignment design elements and is placed through the preset point of restraint. The method achieves a significant increase in quality compared to the known compensation method using pre-measurement.

Abstract: A desalination method that may be used to reduce limescale buildup in desalination electrodes. The desalination method includes providing an electrode including a first material having at least one compound of a formula before a desalination step. The formula is AxFeyCuz(CN)6, where A is Na, Li or K, 0.1?x?2, 1?y, and z?2. The desalination method further includes exchanging A in AxFeyCuz(CN)6 with Ca to form a second material from the first material during the desalination step.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a flow field plate, a catalyst layer, and a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The flow field plate has at least one channel and at least one land. Each of the at least one channel being positioned between two adjacent lands. The GDL is positioned between the flow field plate and the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has a first region aligned with the at least one channel and a second region aligned with the at least one land. The first region has a first composition, a first carbon material, and a first carbon ratio of an amount of the first composition to the first carbon material. The second region has a second composition, a second carbon material, and a second carbon ratio of an amount of the second composition to the second carbon material. The first carbon ratio is different than the second carbon ratio.

Abstract: A solid state electrolyte material including a decontaminated lithium conducting ceramic oxide material including a decontaminated surface thickness. The decontaminated surface thickness is less than or equal to 5 nm. The decontaminated surface thickness may be greater than or equal to 1 nm. The decontaminated lithium conducting ceramic oxide material may be selected from the group consisting of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), Li5La3Ta2O12 (LLTO), Li6La2CaTa2O12 (LLCTO), Li6La2ANb2O12 (A is Ca or Sr), Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP), Li14Al0.4(Ge2-xTix)1.6(PO4)3 (LAGTP), perovskite Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLTO), Li0.8La0.6Zr2(PO4)3 (LLZP), Li1+xTi2-xAlx(PO4)3 (LTAP), Li1+x+yTi2-xAlxSiy(PO4)3-y (LTASP), LiTixZr2-x(PO4)3 (LTZP), Li2Nd3TeSbO12 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist and methods of preparing and using such compositions. The disclosure also relates to methods of facilitating release of a GnRH antagonist from a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: A filter housing has a first housing part with a first rim section and a second housing part with a second rim section. The housing parts can be joined and separated from each other in axial mounting direction and define a housing interior for a filter element provided with a circumferentially extending sealing element. The first and second rim sections form a receiving area in which the sealing element is seal-tightly clamped radially between the first and second rim sections when the housing parts are joined in the mounted state. A snap connecting device axially braces the first and second housing parts relative to each other. The snap connecting device is formed integrally on the first and second housing parts such that a clamping force applied by the first and second rim sections on the sealing element in radial direction is decoupled from the snap connecting device.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a flow field plate having at least one channel and at least one land, where each of the at least one channel is positioned between two adjacent lands. The fuel cell further includes a gas diffusion layer (GDL) positioned between the flow field plate and a catalyst layer, where the catalyst layer has a first region aligned with the at least one channel and a second region aligned with the at least one land. The first region may have a first catalyst material supported by a first catalyst support region, and the second region may have a second catalyst material supported by a second catalyst support region.

Abstract: A deionization battery cell including a first electrode compartment containing a first intercalation host electrode and includes a first water stream compartment in fluid communication with the first electrode compartment. The deionization battery cell further includes a second electrode compartment containing a second intercalation host electrode and a second water stream compartment in fluid communication with the second electrode compartment. The deionization battery cell also includes an ion exchange membrane assembly including a plurality of anion exchange membranes separated from each other, and from one or more cation exchange membranes positioned between the anion exchange membranes, by a plurality of intervening water stream compartments. The first and second water stream compartments are separated from one another by the ion exchange membrane assembly.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for controlling an exchange of energy in an energy system having multiple energy subsystems each connected to one another for the purpose of exchanging energy, the method comprising: receiving respective supply data at a control center from the energy subsystems, wherein the supply data comprise respective remuneration conditions of the applicable energy subsystem for receiving and/or providing energy; determining optimum conditions on the basis of the supply data of the energy subsystems; and controlling the exchange of energy between the energy subsystems on the basis of the optimum conditions with the control center.

Abstract: An electrochemical water cleaning device including one or more deionization cells having a membrane electrode assembly including a first electrode compartment separated by an anion exchange membrane from a second electrode compartment, each of the first and second compartments configured to contain an intercalation host electrode, a first water stream compartment separated by the membrane electrode assembly from a second water stream compartment, each of the first and second water stream compartments configured to contain a saline water solution and arranged to be in respective fluid communication with the first and second electrode compartments.

Abstract: A device for removing ions from a flow of water includes a first electrode and a counter-electrode opposite the first electrode in the flow of water. The first electrode contains at least one material which is capable of intercalating one or both of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in the flow of water. The counter-electrode can include a material capable of binding to anions in the flow of water.

Abstract: A water treatment system centrally communicates and controls one or more water treatment devices to regulate the use of the one or more water treatment devices. The water treatment system is configured to enable a localized, on-demand supply of purified water throughout a building or a network of buildings. The water treatment system may control a degree of purity (e.g., water hardness or concentration of dissolved salts) via mixing of purified and unpurified water streams in a controllable ratio (e.g., via one or more controllable valves or one or more tunable water softening units).

Abstract: An electrostatic charging air cleaning device. The device includes a pre-charger configured to generate a corona discharge to electrostatically charge particulate matter in an air stream. The device further includes a separator downstream from the pre-charger configured to convey the electrostatically charged particulate matter and formed of an insulative material. The device also includes a collection electrode configured to receive and to absorb the conveyed electrostatically charged particulate matter. The collection electrode includes a substrate material and a coating layer coated onto the substrate material. The coating layer includes a carbon black material and a polymeric binder. The substrate material is a metal plate including mechanical perforations.

Abstract: A method of forming a collection electrode for an electrostatic charging air cleaning device. The method includes forming a slurry including a carbon black powder material, a polymeric binder material and a liquid solvent material. The method further includes applying the slurry to a substrate material. The method also includes curing the slurry to obtain a coating layer on the substrate material to form the collection electrode.

Abstract: Described herein is a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) that incorporates a shunt into the membrane separator that becomes electronically conductive around a well-defined anodic onset potential, thereby preventing excessive anodic potentials at the positive electrode that would otherwise drive deleterious parasitic reactions such as catalyst dissolution or catalyst and carbon oxidation.

Abstract: A method for producing a filter element provided with a sealing part in which the sealing material is introduced into a casting chamber between two tundish parts when in the non-cured state, and a compensation space connected to the casting chamber for the expansion of the sealing material.