Abstract: Methods and systems for using sensed neural responses for informing aspects of stimulation therapy are disclosed. For example, features of evoked neural responses, such as evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) can be used for closed-loop feedback control of stimulation parameters. Aspects of the disclosed methods and systems can differentiate between changes in the sensed neural responses that are caused by the environment at stimulating electrodes and changes in the neural responses that are caused by the environment at sensing electrodes. Embodiments determine changes in the morphology of the neural responses, which morphology changes indicate a degree of change in the stimulating environment. Algorithms and systems for assigning and tracking likelihoods for underlying electrode-tissue changes based on sensed neural responses are disclosed. The feedback control modality may be updated based on such likelihoods.

Abstract: Subcutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) is described for treatment of one or more medical conditions, including pain, trauma, etc. The system includes a light source that can generate light inside the body (subcutaneously), a light transmission medium to transmit the light to an emitter, and the emitter sized and shaped to deliver the light directly to a target area associated with pain and/or trauma.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing peripheral nerve stimulation are disclosed. Stimulation is delivered to a trunk of the nerve using electrodes configured at different circumferential locations about the nerve. Action potentials evoked by the stimulation within branches of the nerve are measured to map neural element within the trunk to the branches. The mapping can inform the selection of stimulation parameters that provide a therapeutic benefit and/or avoid unwanted side effects.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing peripheral nerve stimulation are disclosed. Stimulation is delivered to a trunk of the nerve using electrodes configured at different circumferential locations about the nerve. Action potentials evoked by the stimulation within branches of the nerve are measured to map neural element within the trunk to the branches. The mapping can inform the selection of stimulation parameters that provide a therapeutic benefit and/or avoid unwanted side effects.

Abstract: Stimulation using N-lets (e.g., doublets, triplets, etc.) in a Deep Brain Stimulation system are disclosed. Pulses are issued in packets of N-lets, resulting in a waveform with both high and low frequency aspects, which are independently adjustable to treat different symptoms. For example, adjustment of higher frequency aspects can be used to treat tremor, while adjustment of lower frequency aspects can be used to treat freezing gait. Such adjustments may be made manually via a graphical user interface, or automatically using an algorithm.

Abstract: Subcutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) is described for treatment of one or more medical conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis, an abnormality in upper airway function, hypertension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, etc. The system includes a light source that can generate light inside the body (subcutaneously), a light transmission medium to transmit the light to an emitter, and the emitter sized and shaped to deliver the light directly to a target area associated with pulmonary fibrosis, an abnormality in upper airway function, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and/or pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract: A system for percutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) that can deliver light that is configured outside the body directly to target tissue is described. The system can be used to treat both chronic and temporary conditions with PBM. The system includes a light source and a controller that includes a memory storing a predefined dosing requirement and a processor to access the memory and signal the light source to generate a light signal for PBM of a target area within a patients body based on the predefined dosing requirement. In some instances, the system also includes a port to deliver the light signal received from the light source to the target area. The light source and the port can be connected by an attachment that can transmit the light signal from the light source to the port.

Abstract: A system for subcutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) is described. The system includes a light source that can generate light inside the body (subcutaneously) and a light transmission medium and an emitter that can deliver the light directly to a target location within tissue of the body to treat one or more medical conditions. For example, the light signal can be used to treat a medical condition, which can be controlled/regulated by at least one small nerve and the light signal can be configured for delivery to the at least one small nerve.

Abstract: An improved neural mapping technique can use two stimulations. The first stimulation can be used to excite a first group of neural elements with a first stimulation parameter set. After the first group of neural elements has entered a refractory state, a second group of neural elements can be excited with a second stimulation parameter set. The response to at least the second stimulation parameter set can be measured and at least one property of constituents of the first group of neural elements and at least one property of constituents of the second group of neural elements can be estimated.

Abstract: Symptoms of maladies originating in the same region of a brain can be treated with selective multifrequency stimulation. A first stimulation at a first frequency and a second stimulation at a second frequency can be generated by a signal generator. The first stimulation can be applied to a first location in the brain region to trigger an excitation period for a first set of neural elements in the brain region to treat at least one symptom of the malady. The second stimulation can be applied, after a time to ensure the first set of neural elements has entered a refractory period, to a second location in the brain region to trigger an excitation period for a second set of neural elements in the brain region to treat the at least one symptom and/or at least another symptom. The first set of neural elements is not excited by the second stimulation.

Abstract: An implantable medical device is configured to receive an input that specifies a time domain allocation between two or more stored stimulation programs and to provide control signals corresponding to each of the two or more stimulation programs to stimulation circuitry to interleave the two or more stimulation programs in time according to the input. The time domain allocation may set a proportion of time during which each of the stimulation programs is active during repeating epochs. The time domain allocation may be set by a user to transition between configured stimulation programs or to specify stimulation that is based on two or more different stimulation programs. The time domain allocation may also be adjusted automatically to optimize an indication of an effectiveness of stimulation that is provided by the patient.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing peripheral nerve stimulation are disclosed. Stimulation is delivered to a trunk of the nerve using electrodes configured at different circumferential locations about the nerve. Action potentials evoked by the stimulation within branches of the nerve are measured to map neural element within the trunk to the branches. The mapping can inform the selection of stimulation parameters that provide a therapeutic benefit and/or avoid unwanted side effects.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using sensed neural responses for informing aspects of stimulation therapy are disclosed. For example, features of evoked neural responses, such as evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) can be used for closed-loop feedback control of stimulation parameters. Aspects of the disclosed methods and systems can differentiate between changes in the sensed neural responses that are caused by the environment at stimulating electrodes and changes in the neural responses that are caused by the environment at sensing electrodes. Embodiments determine changes in the morphology of the neural responses, which morphology changes indicate a degree of change in the stimulating environment. Algorithms and systems for assigning and tracking likelihoods for underlying electrode-tissue changes based on sensed neural responses are disclosed. The feedback control modality may be updated based on such likelihoods.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implanting stimulation leads in a patient's brain are disclosed. The methods and systems use sensed evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) evoked in neural regions of the brain to guide the implantation and positioning of the stimulation lead(s). In addition to providing surgical support during lead implantation, the ERNA information can be used to facilitate stimulation parameter fitting and maintenance of effective therapeutic stimulation.

Abstract: An implantable medical device is configured to receive an input that specifies a time domain allocation between two or more stored stimulation programs and to provide control signals corresponding to each of the two or more stimulation programs to stimulation circuitry to interleave the two or more stimulation programs in time according to the input. The time domain allocation may set a proportion of time during which each of the stimulation programs is active during repeating epochs. The time domain allocation may be set by a user to transition between configured stimulation programs or to specify stimulation that is based on two or more different stimulation programs. The time domain allocation may also be adjusted automatically to optimize an indication of an effectiveness of stimulation that is provided by the patient.

Abstract: An implantable medical device is configured to receive an input that specifies a time domain allocation between two or more stored stimulation programs and to provide control signals corresponding to each of the two or more stimulation programs to stimulation circuitry to interleave the two or more stimulation programs in time according to the input. The time domain allocation may set a proportion of time during which each of the stimulation programs is active during repeating epochs. The time domain allocation may be set by a user to transition between configured stimulation programs or to specify stimulation that is based on two or more different stimulation programs. The time domain allocation may also be adjusted automatically to optimize an indication of an effectiveness of stimulation that is provided by the patient.

Abstract: An implantable medical device is configured to receive an input that specifies a time domain allocation between two or more stored stimulation programs and to provide control signals corresponding to each of the two or more stimulation programs to stimulation circuitry to interleave the two or more stimulation programs in time according to the input. The time domain allocation may set a proportion of time during which each of the stimulation programs is active during repeating epochs. The time domain allocation may be set by a user to transition between configured stimulation programs or to specify stimulation that is based on two or more different stimulation programs. The time domain allocation may also be adjusted automatically to optimize an indication of an effectiveness of stimulation that is provided by the patient.

Abstract: Methods of providing therapy to a patient are provided. In one method, the patient has a neuron to which a sub-threshold biological electrical stimulus is applied. The method comprises applying electrical noise energy to the neuron, wherein resonance between the biological electrical stimulus and the electrical noise energy is created, such that an action potential is propagated along the axon of the neuron. In another method, the patient has a neuron to which a supra-threshold biological electrical stimulus is applied. This method comprises applying supra-threshold electrical noise energy to the neuron, thereby preventing an action potential from being propagated along the axon of the neuron. Still another method comprises applying an electrical stimulus to a neuron, and applying supra-threshold electrical noise energy to the neuron, thereby preventing or reversing any neurological accommodation of the neuron that may occur in response to the electrical stimulus.

Abstract: A method and neurostimulation system for treating a patient are provided. A plurality of pulsed electrical waveforms are respectively delivered within a plurality of timing channels of the neurostimulation system, thereby treating the patient. Sets of stimulation pulses within the pulsed electrical waveforms that will potentially overlap temporally are predicted. Stimulation pulses in the respective pulsed electrical waveforms are temporally shifted in a manner that prevents overlap of the potentially overlapping pulse sets while preventing frequency locking between the timing channels.

Abstract: A neurostimulation paddle lead, method of neurostimulation, and neurostimulation system are provided. The neurostimulation paddle lead carries a plurality of electrodes comprising at least four columns of electrodes having a spacing between two inner electrode columns less than a spacing between the inner electrode columns and adjacent outer electrode columns. The inner electrode columns may also be longitudinally offset from the outer electrode columns. The methods and neurostimulation systems steer current between the electrodes to modify a medial-lateral electrical field created adjacent spinal cord tissue.