Abstract: A method is for operating a phased array. The method includes operating circuity coupled between first and second electrically conductive contacts to apply a voltage signal between the first and second electrically conductive contacts, change the voltage signal to selectively set phase change between IR radiation emitted from adjacent elliptical holes to emit the IR radiation at an angle from normal, and change the voltage signal to selectively set a frequency range of the IR radiation.

Abstract: An IR source may also include an electrically conductive layer defining a back contact. The IR source may also include a first dielectric layer over the electrically conductive layer, a transparent electrically conductive layer over the first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer over the transparent electrically conductive layer. The IR source may include a graphene layer over the second dielectric layer and having a perforated pattern, a protective layer over the graphene layer, and first and second electrically conductive contacts coupled to the graphene layer. The graphene layer may be configured to emit IR radiation when a voltage signal is applied between the first and second electrically conductive contacts.

Abstract: A method for creating a logic state for teleporting quantum information using a single photon is described. The method includes receiving a photon with an initial polarization and causing a first semiconductor crystal to have a first spin orientation. The photon interacts with the first semiconductor crystal for producing a resulting polarization dependent upon the first spin orientation. Causing the photon to interact with the first semiconductor crystal generates a maximally entangled state.