Abstract: Polyguanidines and methods of use thereof are described. In particular, polyguanidines of formula (I), formula (II), and formula (III) are described. The polyguanidines can be used to treat infection, such as bacterial, viral or fungal infection, and as an ex vivo microbial agent.

Abstract: Polyguanidines and methods of use thereof are described. In particular, polyguanidines of formula (I), formula (II), and formula (III) are described. The polyguanidines can be used to treat infection, such as bacterial, viral or fungal infection, and as an ex vivo microbial agent.

Abstract: A method for preparing polycondensation products of guanidine, aminoguanidine or diaminoguanidine G with one or more benzyl or allyl derivatives BA according to the following reaction scheme is provided: wherein X, R1, Gua, Y and Z are as defined in the specification. In the disclosed method, at least one benzyl or allyl derivative BA is subjected to a polycondensation reaction with excessive guanidine, aminoguanidine or diaminoguanidine G upon elimination of HX.

Abstract: A method for preparing polycondensation products of guanidine, aminoguanidine or diaminoguanidine G with one or more benzyl or allyl derivatives BA according to the following reaction scheme is provided: wherein X, R1, Gua, Y and Z are as defined in the specification. In the disclosed method, at least one benzyl or allyl derivative BA is subjected to a polycondensation reaction with excessive guanidine, aminoguanidine or diaminoguanidine G upon elimination of HX.

Abstract: Polycondensation products of aminoguanidine and/or 1,3-diaminoguanidine with one or more diamines are provided including polyguanidine derivatives of the following formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein X is selected from —NH2, aminoguanidino and 1,3-diaminoguanidino; Y is selected from —H and —R1—NH2; or X and Y together represent a chemical bond to give a cyclic structure; R1 is selected from divalent organic radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, in which optionally one or more carbon atoms are replaced by O or N; a and b are each 0 or 1, wherein a+b?2 if no 1,3-diaminoguanidine units are included; R2 is selected from —H and —NH2, wherein R2 is —NH2 if a+b=0, R2 is —H or —NH2 if a+b=1, and R2 is —H if a+b=2; and n?2. Production methods and uses of the polyguanidine derivatives are also provided.

Abstract: Polycondensation products of aminoguanidine and/or 1,3-diaminoguanidine with one or more diamines are provided including polyguanidine derivatives of the following formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein X is selected from —NH2, aminoguanidino and 1,3-diaminoguanidino; Y is selected from —H and —R1—NH2; or X and Y together represent a chemical bond to give a cyclic structure; R1 is selected from divalent organic radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, in which optionally one or more carbon atoms are replaced by O or N; a and b are each 0 or 1, wherein a+b?2 if no 1,3-diaminoguanidine units are included; R2 is selected from —H and —NH2, wherein R2 is —NH2 if a+b=0, R2 is —H or —NH2 if a+b=1, and R2 is —H if a+b=2; and n?2. Production methods and uses of the polyguanidine derivatives are also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing metal products, in which a metal-containing charge material is melted in a melting unit, and a working gas, in particular an at least partially reducing working gas, is additionally produced in the melting unit. The working gas produced is extracted and if appropriate after cleaning, is used as a carrier gas, at least in part for—preferably pneumatic—transport of an at least partially reduced metal-containing material in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing metal products, in which a metal-containing charge material is melted in a melting unit, and a working gas, in particular an at least partially reducing working gas, is additionally produced in the melting unit. The working gas produced is extracted and if appropriate after cleaning, is used as a carrier gas, at least in part for—preferably pneumatic—transport of an at least partially reduced metal-containing material in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing metal products, in which a metal-containing charge material is melted in a melting unit, and a working gas, in particular an at least partially reducing working gas, is additionally produced in the melting unit. The working gas produced is extracted and if appropriate after cleaning, is used as a carrier gas, at least in part for—preferably pneumatic—transport of an at least partially reduced metal-containing material in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing material in particle form in a fluidization zone and at elevated temperature, in particular for reducing fine ore, the particle material being held in the fluidization zone by a treatment gas which flows upward from below. Material in fine particle form is discharged from the fluidization zone with the treatment gas and is separated out of the treatment gas in a deposition zone. In the deposition zone, the stream of treatment gas and discharged material in fine particle form are fed into a separating device which removes the fine particle material from the treatment gas, the treatment gas is extracted from the separating device as off-gas, and the separated fine particle material is removed from the separating device. Coarse-grained material is then introduced into the deposition zone. This reduces the levels of caking and deposits of the fine particle material. A device for carrying out the process includes elements defining the zones.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing metal products, in which a metal-containing charge material is melted in a melting unit, and a working gas, in particular an at least partially reducing working gas, is additionally produced in the melting unit. The working gas produced is extracted and if appropriate after cleaning, is used as a carrier gas, at least in part for—preferably pneumatic—transport of an at least partially reduced metal-containing material in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to apparatus for treating, preferably for reducing, material in particle form in a fluidization zone and at elevated temperature, in particular for reducing fine ore, the particle material being held in the fluidization zone by a treatment gas which flows upward from below. Material in fine particle form is discharged from the fluidization zone with the treatment gas and is separated out of the treatment gas in a deposition zone. The following steps are carried out in the deposition zone: feeding the stream of treatment gas and discharged material in fine particle form to a separating device, separating the fine particle material from the treatment gas, extracting the treatment gas from the separating device as off-gas, and removing the separated fine particle material from the separating device. Coarse-grained material is introduced into the deposition zone, reducing the levels of caking and deposits of the fine particle material.

Abstract: A combustion chamber in a melter gasifier extends into a fluidized bed to isolate fine particulate ore introduced into the chamber from the remaining internal portion of the melter gasifier. The fine particulate ore is melted in the chamber and falls on the bed to be reduced as it trickles down to the molten metal in the melter gasifler bottom. Reducing gases withdrawn from the melter gasifier are filtered through the bed, thereby preventing the fine particulate ore from being withdrawn with the gases. The chamber can be liquid cooled and use a burner to provide combustion temperatures.

Abstract: In a method for producing liquid pig iron (9) or steel pre-products from fine-particulate iron-containing material (4) in a melter gasifier (1), the iron-containing material (4) is melted in a bed of solid carbon carriers (2) under supply of carbon-containing material (2) and oxygen-containing gas, at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas, wherein the fine-particulate reduced material (4) and oxygen are introduced into the bed (20, 21) from the side.

Abstract: In a method of producing molten metal (8) from at least partially fine-particulate metal carriers in a melter gasifier (2) in which under supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas under simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed (11) formed of solid carbon carriers (4) the metal carriers are melted, the supplied fine-particulate metal carriers in order to avoid discharging thereof are charged to a high-temperature combustion zone (13) maintained by a combustion process and there are melted at least for the most part or completely, wherein the high-temperature combustion zone (13) is spatially isolated from the freeboard (12) of the melter gasifier (2) located above the bed (11) and extends into the bed (11), wherein the offgases formed in the high-temperature combustion zone (13) exit the same passing through at least a portion of the bed (11) and wherein furthermore the offgases are cooled in the bed (11) and are withdrawn from the melter gasifier (2) along with the r

Abstract: In a method of producing molten metal (8) from at least partially fine-particulate metal carriers in a melter gasifier (2) in which under supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas under simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed (11) formed of solid carbon carriers (4) the metal carriers are melted, the supplied fine-particulate metal carriers in order to avoid discharging thereof are charged to a high-temperature combustion zone (13) maintained by a combustion process and there are melted at least for the most part or completely, wherein the high-temperature combustion zone (13) is spatially isolated from the freeboard (12) of the melter gasifier (2) located above the bed (11) and extends into the bed (11), wherein the offgases formed in the high-temperature combustion zone (13) exit the same passing through at least a portion of the bed (11) and wherein furthermore the offgases are cooled in the bed (11) and are withdrawn from the melter gasifier (2) along with the r

Abstract: According to a process for injecting metal-oxide-containing fine particles into a reducing gas, a central material stream formed by the fine particles and a carrier gas is introduced into the reducing gas and at least one gas stream formed by a secondary gas is directed against the material stream to ensure an optimum contact of the fine particles with the reducing gas, the gas stream atomizing the material stream and the fine particles being evenly distributed within the reducing gas.

Abstract: According to a process for producing pig iron (10) from fine-particulate iron oxide carriers and lumpy iron-containing material in a meltdown gasifying zone (9) of a melter gasifier (3), the iron-containing material is melted in a bed (13) formed of solid carbon carriers, under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas while simultaneously forming a reducing gas. Fine-particulate iron-oxide carriers, such as iron-containing fine ore and ore dust and oxidic iron fine dust, are introduced into a reducing gas stream leaving the melter gasifier (3), and the reducing gas is separated from the fine-particulate material formed thereby. The separated fine-particulate material is introduced into the meltdown gasifying zone (9) via a dust recirculation line (26, 27, 28, 29) and through a dust burner (30), and the reducing gas is used for reducing iron-oxide-containing material.

Abstract: A process for continuous conveying of a fine-grained and/or pulverized solid to two or more target points by a conveying medium, e.g. gas. The solid is charged into a distribution vessel and from there to several target points by respective supply lines each at a desired target flow rate intended for target point. The target flow rate for each target point is divided into at least two partial target flow rates from the distribution vessel via separate partial supply lines. The partial target flow rates are reunited at the respective target points at the latest. To adjust the target flow rate at a target point at a specific level, individual partial supply lines leading to this target point are alternatively kept shut-off or open.

Abstract: In a process for recycling fine-particle solids (4) discharged from a reactor vessel (1) at a discharging position of the reactor vessel (1) by means of a gas, at a recycling position (16) of the reactor vessel (1), the solids (4) are separated in a solids separator (3) and subsequently collected in a collecting vessel (8) and from the same are recycled into the reactor vessel (1) by means of a conveying gas. To enhance the operation of the solids separator (3), but without causing an additional load on the reactor vessel (1), an additional gas stream (23) independent of the gas stream in the reactor vessel is conducted through the solids separator (3) in a circuit, in the direction of flow of the solids (4).