Abstract: Audio splicing is rendered more effective by the use of one or more truncation unit packets inserted into the audio data stream so as to indicate to an audio decoder, for a predetermined access unit, an end portion of an audio frame with which the predetermined access unit is associated, as to be discarded in playout.

Abstract: A calibration device for calibrating a scattered-light meter, which is developed for measuring a particle concentration, in particular in automotive exhaust gases, has at least one diffuser which emits scattered light of an intensity and distribution defined by the diffuser when irradiated by light. In addition, the calibration device has a calibration-light source, which is situated within the diffuser or on an external surface of the diffuser.

Abstract: A measuring unit for measuring a particulate concentration in exhaust gases using scattered light includes a measuring chamber, at least one light source and at least one light sensor, the measuring chamber being situated in the optical path of the light source; and the light sensor records the light scattered by the particulates in the measuring chamber. To detect the intensity of light beam that is relevant for a precise particulate measurement, a monitoring device is provided to detect the intensity of the light beam with the aid of a scattered radiation. The intensity of the light beam is recorded using a monitoring measurement, by ascertaining a scattered radiation and comparing it to a specified reference value for the scattered radiation. With the aid of the comparison, the intensity of the light source is regulated correspondingly and/or the measuring result of the particulate measurement is correspondingly corrected.

Abstract: A calibration device for calibrating a scattered-light meter, which is developed for measuring a particle concentration, in particular in automotive exhaust gases, has at least one diffuser which emits scattered light of an intensity and distribution defined by the diffuser when irradiated by light. In addition, the calibration device has a calibration-light source, which is situated within the diffuser or on an external surface of the diffuser.

Abstract: A calibration device is described for calibrating a scatterometer, which is designed in particular for measuring a particle concentration in exhaust gases of motor vehicles. The calibration device has at least one scattering body which emits scattered light having a defined intensity and distribution when irradiated with a light beam, the scattering body having an emission surface for the scattered light, to which is assigned at least one light sensor for detecting the scattered light exiting the emission surface. A screening body having at least one screen opening through which the scattered light exits in the direction of the at least one light sensor is assigned to the emission surface of the scattering body.

Abstract: A calibration device is described for calibrating a scatterometer, which is designed in particular for measuring a particle concentration in exhaust gases of motor vehicles. The calibration device has at least one scattering body which emits scattered light having a defined intensity and distribution when irradiated with a light beam, the scattering body having an emission surface for the scattered light, to which is assigned at least one light sensor for detecting the scattered light exiting the emission surface. A screening body having at least one screen opening through which the scattered light exits in the direction of the at least one light sensor is assigned to the emission surface of the scattering body.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus for calibrating a scattered-light measuring device that is embodied to measure a particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases, comprises at least one scattering body that has a number of scattering centers having a defined size and a defined mutual spacing. The scattering centers are disposed in such a way that the scattering body, upon irradiation with light from a light source, delivers scattered light having an intensity and a distribution predetermined by the scattering body.

Abstract: A method for determining the quality of the measuring results of a scattered light meter for measuring the particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases, which has at least one scattered light measuring chamber, at least one light source and at least one light sensor, includes the steps: determining the difference between two scattered light sensor signals, that were picked up in a reference state of the scattered light meter; determining the difference between two scattered light sensor signals, which were picked up in a used state of the scattered light meter; and comparing the difference of the signals picked up in the used state to the reference signal difference of the signals picked up in the reference state.

Abstract: A device for measuring the particle concentration in an aerosol using a flow tube includes a cavity in which there is a sleeve, the cavity branching off from the flow tube. The sleeve includes, at its end facing away from the flow tube, a collar. The collar encircles the periphery of the sleeve and is fastened at the periphery of the cavity. There is one or more inflow openings in the collar. At least one outflow opening is in an end of the sleeve, which end extends into the flow tube. A measuring chamber is also included in the cavity on the side of the sleeve facing away from the flow tube.

Abstract: A scattered light method for measuring particle-dependent parameters of gases, in particular particle-dependent parameters of internal combustion engine exhaust gases or other colloids, includes introducing a particle-containing gas into a measuring chamber; emitting a light beam into the measuring chamber; receiving light scattered by the particles using at least two scattered light sensors, the scattered light sensors generating scattered light sensor signals, each being a function of the light received by the respective scattered light sensor; determining an average particle size from the scattered light sensor signals from at least two scattered light sensors and determining at least one further particle parameter from the previously determined average particle size and the scattered light sensor signals.

Abstract: A measuring unit for measuring a particulate concentration in exhaust gases using scattered light includes a measuring chamber, at least one light source and at least one light sensor, the measuring chamber being situated in the optical path of the light source; and the light sensor records the light scattered by the particulates in the measuring chamber. To detect the intensity of light beam that is relevant for a precise particulate measurement, a monitoring device is provided to detect the intensity of the light beam with the aid of a scattered radiation. The intensity of the light beam is recorded using a monitoring measurement, by ascertaining a scattered radiation and comparing it to a specified reference value for the scattered radiation. With the aid of the comparison, the intensity of the light source is regulated correspondingly and/or the measuring result of the particulate measurement is correspondingly corrected.

Abstract: A scattered light method for measuring particle-dependent parameters of gases, in particular particle-dependent parameters of internal combustion engine exhaust gases or other colloids, includes introducing a particle-containing gas into a measuring chamber; emitting a light beam into the measuring chamber; receiving light scattered by the particles using at least two scattered light sensors, the scattered light sensors generating scattered light sensor signals, each being a function of the light received by the respective scattered light sensor; determining an average particle size from the scattered light sensor signals from at least two scattered light sensors and determining at least one further particle parameter from the previously determined average particle size and the scattered light sensor signals.

Abstract: A method for determining the quality of the measuring results of a scattered light meter for measuring the particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases, which has at least one scattered light measuring chamber, at least one light source and at least one light sensor, includes the steps: determining the difference between two scattered light sensor signals, that were picked up in a reference state of the scattered light meter; determining the difference between two scattered light sensor signals, which were picked up in a used state of the scattered light meter; and comparing the difference of the signals picked up in the used state to the reference signal difference of the signals picked up in the reference state.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus for calibrating a scattered-light measuring device that is embodied to measure a particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases, comprises at least one scattering body that has a number of scattering centers having a defined size and a defined mutual spacing. The scattering centers are disposed in such a way that the scattering body, upon irradiation with light from a light source, delivers scattered light having an intensity and a distribution predetermined by the scattering body.

Abstract: A device for measuring a particulate concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases, has a measuring chamber, which is able to be filled up with a gas-particulate mixture that is to be measured, at least one light source and at least one light sensor. The light sensor detects light that has been scattered by particulates present in the gas-particulate mixture. An exhaust gas supply device is developed to supply exhaust gas, that is to be measured, to the measuring chamber. A null gas low in particulates is able to be supplied from a null gas source to the measuring chamber. A switching element, which is situated between the exhaust gas supply device and the measuring chamber, is suitable for admitting or forestalling the supply of exhaust gas into the measuring chamber on an optional basis.