Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for managing protocol information in a PNNI hierarchical network. In a PAR-enabled device (1) of the network PAR PTSEs received by the PAR-enabled device (1) from the network are checked to identify redundant protocol information encapsulated in the PAR PTSEs. Protocol information in received PAR PTSEs is then supplied to a protocol device associated with the PAR-enabled device (1). In some embodiments, protocol information identified as redundant is excluded from the protocol information supplied to the protocol device. In other embodiments, the protocol information supplied to the protocol device is tagged to distinguish redundant protocol information from non-redundant protocol information. This facilitates efficient configuration of the network topology for the protocol in question.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for managing protocol information in a PNNI hierarchical network. In a PAR-enabled device (1) of the network, topology indicators (HC, LC) are assigned to protocol information encapsulated in PAR PTSEs received by the PAR-enabled device (1) from the network. The assignment of a topology indicator (HC, LC) to protocol information in a PAR PTSE is dependent on the location of the network node which originated that PAR PTSE in the PNNI topology as seen by the PAR-enabled device (1). Protocol information in received PAR PTSEs is then supplied to a protocol device (5) associated with the PAR-enabled device (1) in a manner dependent on the assigned topology indicators (HC, LC), for example with tags comprising the assigned topology indicators (HC, LC). The information supplied to the protocol device (5) thus reflects the topology indicators (HC, LC) which in turn reflect the location in the PNNI topology of the originating nodes of the PAR PTSEs.

Abstract: A power sensor that enables determination of the frequency of a microwave signal comprises a signal input that receives the microwave signal at a particular frequency, at least one sensor that produces a first and second output corresponding to the power of the microwave signal, and a means for coupling the signal input to the sensor so that the coupling means distinguishes the first output from the second output in order that the ratio of these outputs produces a unique value at the particular frequency.