Abstract: The invention relates to a detector element (1) for gamma radiation, which is particularly suitable for use in a PEF apparatus. The detector element (1) consists of two or more different conversion units (11, 12), which react to the absorption of a gamma quantum (y) with light emissions (?1, ?2) of different spectral composition. A photodetector arrangement (30) may therefore discriminate between the sites of origin of the light emissions by means of their spectral characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector apparatus (10) with an array (12) of detector pixels. Each pixel (20) of the detector comprises a photogate electrode (21) under which electrical charges produced by incident radiation (v, X) are collected. The change of these charges gives rise to displacement currents in photogate lines (32) connected to the photogate electrodes (21) which may be monitored by current sensors (40). Thus the charges collected by all photogate electrodes (21) connected to a photogate line (32) can be measured during an ongoing exposure, allowing for advanced dose control methods of the illumination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a large-area sensor arrangement, notably a flat dynamic X-ray detector (FDXD). The light-sensitive and/or X-ray-sensitive sensors (pixels) of the sensor arrangement are arranged in a planar distribution on a substrate (1), thus forming a sensitive layer (20). On the top surface of the layer (20) there is provided a contact point (23) for each sensor, which contact point is connected to an integrated circuit (6) via one or more connection layers (30, 40). A multi-layer, very compact construction is thus obtained in which the electronic evaluation circuitry (6) is arranged in a planar fashion and parallel to the sensors (20). Preferably, a respective evaluation circuit in the circuit (6) is associated with each sensor, resulting in very short paths and also in a reduction of noise.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray detector (1) with an array (2) of sensor elements (21), wherein each row (i) of sensor elements is connected via an addressing line to an addressing unit (5), and wherein each column j) of sensor elements is connected via a read-out line to a read-out unit (3). In the read-out unit (3), sensor signals are preprocessed, for example amplified by amplifiers (31). The detector further comprises a control unit (6) which is adapted to set the gains of said amplifiers (31) for each column (j) and each row (i) individually. The values of the gains may particularly be derived from a priori knowledge, from previous images of the object, or from the image signals of rows that have already been read out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for the temporally resolved recording of detection events, comprising a converter device (34, 35, 36), which in the operating state supplies an electrical signal when a detection event occurs, and evaluation electronics (1) having at least one trigger (3) which is coupled to the converter device (34, 35, 36) and is designed to supply a trigger signal (5) that is temporally assigned to the electrical signal, at least one time signal source (10) that supplies a first analog time signal (Z 1), and at least a first sampler (6) which is coupled to the trigger (3) and is designed to provide a first momentary value (E1) of the first analog time signal (Z1), said first momentary value being temporally assigned to the trigger signal (5).

Abstract: An Y-ray detector apparatus comprises an array of detector pixels arranged into a plurality of sub-arrays. The pixels in each sub-array share a common dose sensing output provided to a dose sensing output conductor which extends to a periphery of the pixel array. The dose sensing output conductor for one sub-array of pixels passes through the area occupied by another sub-array of pixels, which can lead to unwanted cross talk. The invention provides a plurality of additional screening electrodes, with a screening electrode substantially adjacent the dose sensing output conductor for each sub-array of pixels. These screening electrodes reduce cross talk between the dose sensing output and other pixel electrodes. In another arrangement, each pixel further comprises a pixel electrode for each pixel formed at an upper region of the array, and the dose sensing output conductors are formed at a lower regon of the array.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector apparatus (10) with an array (12) of detector pixels. Each pixel (20) of the detector comprises a photogate electrode (21) under which electrical charges produced by incident radiation (v, X) are collected. The change of these charges gives rise to displacement currents in photogate lines (32) connected to the photogate electrodes (21) which may be monitored by current sensors (40). Thus the charges collected by all photogate electrodes (21) connected to a photogate line (32) can be measured during an ongoing exposure, allowing for advanced dose control methods of the illumination.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement which includes a radiation source (1) and a radiation sensor device (3) for forming image signals (Bn), the radiation sensor device (3) being associated with a read-out circuit arrangement (4) for the amplification/processing of image signals (Bn) read out, there also being provided at least one dosimeter (42) which is arranged to measure a radiation dose. The invention also relates to an X-ray examination apparatus and to a method for the processing of X-ray images. In order to realize an arrangement and a method whereby a high image quality can be achieved for the acquired images, it is proposed to apply a dose signal (Dn), produced by at least one dosimeter (42), to at least the read-out circuit arrangement (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for the temporally resolved recording of detection events, comprising a converter device (34, 35, 36), which in the operating state supplies an electrical signal when a detection event occurs, and evaluation electronics (1) having at least one trigger (3) which is coupled to the converter device (34, 35, 36) and is designed to supply a trigger signal (5) that is temporally assigned to the electrical signal, at least one time signal source (10) that supplies a first analog time signal (Z 1), and at least a first sampler (6) which is coupled to the trigger (3) and is designed to provide a first momentary value (E1) of the first analog time signal (Z1), said first momentary value being temporally assigned to the trigger signal (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for an X-ray apparatus, which detector comprises a substrate (1) of amorphous or preferably crystalline silicon with an array (2) of sensor element (3) disposed thereon. Integrated electronic modules (4) having analog-digital converters disposed thereon are mounted on one edge (5) of the substrate (1) by flip-chip contacting or the like and are connected by way of signal leads (6) to the sensor elements. The modules (4) and/or the substrate can additionally comprise amplifiers and multiplexers for processing the sensor signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an array of sensor elements, wherein the sensor elements are provided to detect electromagnetic radiation such as X-radiation or light, and in doing so to generate a charge signal corresponding to the intensity of the radiation. A sensor element further comprises means enabling the incoming dose of radiation to be determined. In the array, the sensor elements form groups, so that the outputs of all sensor elements of a group are coupled. This on the one hand enables a determination of the dose in these areas, and on the other hand enables images to be formed with a lower resolution in a simple manner, by the combining of output signals from several sensor elements. Furthermore, the sensor elements of one group are preferably arranged “isolated” in such a way that they are surrounded by sensor elements of other groups. Such an array can be used, for example, in an X-ray diagnostic facility or in an optical image recording system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector element (1) for gamma radiation, which is particularly suitable for use in a PEF apparatus. The detector element (1) consists of two or more different conversion units (11, 12), which react to the absorption of a gamma quantum (y) with light emissions (?1, ?2) of different spectral composition. A photodetector arrangement (30) may therefore discriminate between the sites of origin of the light emissions by means of their spectral characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector and a method for the production of consecutive X-ray images. This involves the generation in the detector by X-radiation during an exposure interval (Texp) of a current flow (I(t)) which is integrated (Qdk*, Qsig*, Qae*) in a memory capacity and read out in a subsequent readout phase (Trd). In order to minimize the influence of slowly decaying residual currents (Iae), the current (I(t)) is integrated only during the exposure interval (Texp). By this means, disturbing artifacts due to residual signals from earlier photographs are minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to an array of sensor elements, wherein the sensor elements are provided to detect electromagnetic radiation such as X-radiation or light, and in doing so to generate a charge signal corresponding to the intensity of the radiation. A sensor element further comprises means enabling the incoming dose of radiation to be determined. In the array, the sensor elements form groups, so that the outputs of all sensor elements of a group are coupled. This on the one hand enables a determination of the dose in these areas, and on the other hand enables images to be formed with a lower resolution in a simple manner, by the combining of output signals from several sensor elements. Furthermore, the sensor elements of one group are preferably arranged “isolated” in such a way that they are surrounded by sensor elements of other groups. Such an array can be used, for example, in an X-ray diagnostic facility or in an optical image recording system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector arrangement for the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electrical signals. The detector arrangement includes sensitive areas (D1, D2, D3, D4), where each sensitive area corresponds to a respective electrical signal, and at least two of the sensitive areas mesh with one another in such a manner that non-overlapping envelopes (C1, C2, C3, C4) of the individual meshing sensitive areas also mesh with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement which includes a radiation source (1) and a radiation sensor device (3) for forming image signals (Bn), the radiation sensor device (3) being associated with a read-out circuit arrangement (4) for the amplification/processing of image signals (Bn) read out, there also being provided at least one dosimeter (42) which is arranged to measure a radiation dose. The invention also relates to an X-ray examination apparatus and to a method for the processing of X-ray images. In order to realize an arrangement and a method whereby a high image quality can be achieved for the acquired images, it is proposed to apply a dose signal (Dn), produced by at least one dosimeter (42), to at least the read-out circuit arrangement (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement which comprises electrical elements which include sensors for electromagnetic radiation such as light or X-rays or are constructed so as to emit or change light. At least one element of the arrangement is provided with a switching unit which evaluates the signal patterns of at least two control inputs of the element and compares them with at least one activation pattern. The element is activated in the case of correspondence. At least two elements of the arrangement have at least one identical activation pattern. The control inputs of the elements are preferably coupled to a control lead bus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement with light-sensitive or X-ray-sensitive sensors which are arranged in rows and columns of a matrix and generate charges in dependence on the amount of incident radiation, each sensor including a photosensor element with an intrinsic storage capacitor and/or a storage capacitor connected parallel to its terminals, and also a respective transistor; it also includes at least one switching line for each row of sensors via which the transistors can be activated so that the charges of the relevant activated sensors S can be read out simultaneously via read-out lines 8 in order to ensure that, in conformity with the relevant mode of operation of the arrangement, the switching noise caused by the reading out of the sensors is reduced and/or a higher image repeat rate or more stable operating conditions for the photosensor element, also in the case of large signals, as well as an increase of the dynamic range of the photosensor element become possible in that each sensor S inclu

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the correction or compensation of individual differences between the conversion characteristics of the image sensors (11) and the processing units (12) of an X-ray detector which are connected thereto. It is assumed that a functional relationship in conformity with GW=Fi(Lij(?)) exists between the quantity of radiation (?) entering the detector and the grey value (GW) resulting therefrom for a pixel (j, i), where Lij describes the approximately linear behavior of the sensor arrangement (10) and Fi the non-linear behavior of the processing unit (12). For the inverse value Lij?1 a linear model function is used and for the inverse value Fi?1 a non-linear model function is used with parameters which can be calculated from calibration measurements with different radiation quantities (?k).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of sensor elements in which the sensor elements are arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation, such as X-rays or light, and to generate in response thereto a charge signal which corresponds to the radiation intensity. Furthermore, a sensor element includes means which enable determination of the incident radiation dose. The sensor elements in the arrangement form groups so that the outputs of all sensor elements of a group are coupled and the sensor elements of a group are preferably arranged so as to neighbor one another. This on the one hand enables determination of the dose in these zones while on the other hand images of lower resolution can be formed simply by combining output signals of a plurality of sensor elements. An arrangement of this kind can be used, for example, in an X-ray diagnostic device or in an optical image acquisition system.