Abstract: A leak detection system for a coolant system includes a coolant reservoir including a coolant holding portion configured to store coolant for the coolant system and a gas holding portion, a reservoir inlet fluidically connected to the gas holding portion, a reservoir outlet fluidically connected to the coolant holding portion, and a pressure relief valve including a coolant inlet portion fluidically connected to the coolant holding portion and a pressure relief outlet. The pressure relief valve is configured to respond to pressure in the gas holding portion to vent coolant from the coolant holding portion through the pressure relief outlet without venting gas from the gas holding portion.

Abstract: A solenoid valve having current dependent bi-directional force includes a stator with a channel. An armature is in the stator channel. The armature is movable in a first and second direction. A projection extends from the stator into the channel. When a low current is applied, a flux is generated such that it jumps from the projection to the armature and back to the stator. Thus, the armature is pulled in the first direction. As the current is increased, the projection becomes magnetically saturated and the additional flux as a result of increased current jumps from the stator, at a thinned portion, to the armature then back to the stator. This moves the armature in the second direction, opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A solenoid includes a core, a yoke, and a first coil. The first coil is wound around the yoke.

Abstract: A purge valve for an EVAP system has a chamber including an inlet conduit for receiving fuel vapors from an EVAP canister, a first outlet conduit to the engine for the fuel vapors, and a second outlet conduit to the engine for the fuel vapors. Energizing the purge valve at a first current actuates a first armature from a closed position to an open position to open a first opening and allow fuel vapors to flow through the first outlet conduit to the engine, without actuating the second armature from a closed position. Energizing the purge valve at a second current that is greater than the first current actuates a second armature from a closed position to an open position to open the second opening and allow fuel vapors to flow through the second outlet conduit to the engine while maintaining the first armature in the fully open position.

Abstract: A solenoid valve having current dependent bi-directional force includes a stator with a channel. An armature is in the stator channel. The armature is movable in a first and second direction. A projection extends from the stator into the channel. When a low current is applied, a flux is generated such that it jumps from the projection to the armature and back to the stator. Thus, the armature is pulled in the first direction. As the current is increased, the projection becomes magnetically saturated and the additional flux as a result of increased current jumps from the stator, at a thinned portion, to the armature then back to the stator. This moves the armature in the second direction, opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A purge valve for an EVAP system has a chamber including an inlet conduit for receiving fuel vapors from an EVAP canister, a first outlet conduit to the engine for the fuel vapors, and a second outlet conduit to the engine for the fuel vapors. Energizing the purge valve at a first current actuates a first armature from a closed position to an open position to open a first opening and allow fuel vapors to flow through the first outlet conduit to the engine, without actuating the second armature from a closed position. Energizing the purge valve at a second current that is greater than the first current actuates a second armature from a closed position to an open position to open the second opening and allow fuel vapors to flow through the second outlet conduit to the engine while maintaining the first armature in the fully open position.

Abstract: A solenoid including a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core defining an air gap between. A displaceable ferromagnetic member is within the air gap. The ferromagnetic member magnetically connects the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core to create a magnetic flux path between them. This flux results in an increased pull between the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core. A solenoid coil surrounds at least one of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core.