Abstract: An apparatus for inspection of fluids, particularly dispersions and tints, having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein defining a fluid analysis chamber, fluid inlet and outlets extending from the cavity in opposite directions to enable fluid flow into and out of the analysis chamber, and a light transmitting probe and a light receiving probe extending within the cavity juxtaposed from each other across the flow path in spaced apart relation, with the probes being movable relative to each other, thus providing a fluid analysis chamber having an adjustable pathlength and allowing flow across and around the faces of the probes for pressure relief of the fluid, to provide accurate color measurements. The apparatus is particularly useful in the manufacture of dispersions and tints used in the manufacture of paints, so that the color of material being made can be accurately matched to a standard color in the wet state with confidence that the color will match in the dry state.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspection of fluids, particularly dispersions and tints, having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein defining a fluid analysis chamber, fluid inlet and outlets extending from the cavity in opposite directions to enable fluid flow into and out of the analysis chamber, and a light transmitting probe and a light receiving probe extending within the cavity in juxtaposed from each other across the flow path in spaced apart relation, with the probes being movable relative to each other, thus providing a fluid analysis chamber having an adjustable pathlength and allowing flow across and around the faces of the probes for pressure relief of the fluid, to provide accurate color measurements. The apparatus is particularly useful in the manufacture of dispersions and tints used in the manufacture of paints, so that the color of material being made can be accurately matched to a standard color in the wet state with confidence that the color will match in the dry state.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved sheet products and specifically to improved nonwoven sheet products made from highly oriented plexifilamentary film-fibril webs. The improved sheet products have high opacity and strength with a much wider range of porosity or Gurley Hill Porosity Values. In particular, sheet products made in accordance with the present invention have considerably higher Gurley Hill Porosity Values than similar weight sheet products subject to the same finishing treatments in accordance with prior known sheet materials. Similarly, sheet products made in accordance with the present invention can be made which have much lower Gurley Hill Porosity Values than prior sheet materials. The invention includes numerous methods and data characterizing the webs and sheets that form the improved sheet materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved sheet products and specifically to improved nonwoven sheet products made from highly oriented plexifilamentary film-fibril webs. The improved sheet products have high opacity and strength with a much wider range of porosity or Gurley Hill Porosity Values. In particular, sheet products made in accordance with the present invention have considerably higher Gurley Hill Porosity Values than similar weight sheet products subject to the same finishing treatments in accordance with prior known sheet materials. Similarly, sheet products made in accordance with the present invention can be made which have much lower Gurley Hill Porosity Values than prior sheet materials. The invention includes numerous methods and data characterizing the webs and sheets that form the improved sheet materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing the appearance features of a surface with a spatially coherent beam of uniformly distributed collimated polychromatic light that is directed through a beam limiting means (or mask) and onto the surface at an acute angle of incidence. A scanned imaging detector, translatable through a sequence of focal plane positions along the optic axis between the mask and surface, measures the reflectance values associated with the scanned pixel intensities. After standardization, the scan intensity values are Fourier transformed into the spatial frequency domain to obtain an optical transfer function (OTF) and power and amplitude spectra. The visual spatial frequency response characteristic V(f) and standard psychophysical methodology is applied to mathematically determine surface appearance attributes such as orange peel, microwrinkle, cracks and crazes, distinctness of image (DOI), gloss, haze, contrast, luster, fog and texture.