Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head with an exhaust manifold configured to supply exhaust gas through a main exhaust outlet to a main exhaust aftertreatment system having a main catalytic converter, a bypass passage in fluid communication with the exhaust manifold via a bypass port, a bypass catalytic converter disposed within the bypass passage, and a dual-acting valve assembly configured to move between a first position that seals the bypass port, and a second position that seals the main exhaust outlet. During cold start, long idle, and/or low main catalytic converter temperature conditions, the dual-active valve assembly is moved to the second position to direct exhaust flow through the bypass passage and the bypass catalytic converter to reduce emissions.

Abstract: An air induction system for a vehicle includes a turbocharger having a compressor side inlet and a bifurcated clean air intake system having a bifurcated conduit. The bifurcated conduit includes an upstream end configured to receive intake air, a downstream end configured to supply intake air to the compressor side inlet, an inner passage configured to supply intake air to the downstream end, and an outer passage disposed about the inner passage and separated from the inner passage by an inner wall, the outer passage configured to selectively receive recirculation backflow from the compressor side inlet. A port is fluidly coupled between the outer passage and another location of the vehicle. The port is configured to selectively evacuate at least a portion of the recirculation backflow to the another location the vehicle.

Abstract: A cylinder head assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a cast cylinder head and a turbocharger housing integrally cast with the cylinder head and having an integrally cast wastegate housing. The turbocharger housing is configured to receive a turbocharger cartridge rotatably supporting a shaft coupled between a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel. The integrally cast wastegate housing defines a wastegate chamber configured to receive a wastegate valve, a flow of exhaust gas from the turbine wheel, and a flow of wastegate exhaust gas.

Abstract: An ozone generator voltage verification light assembly generates a visual or audible indicator, such as a neon light, to verify that an ozone generator is generating the proper voltage to generate ozone, and/or ozone generator voltage verification light assembly testing assembly operatively connects to an ozone generator, and visually indicates if an irregularity in voltage occurs. The ozone generator includes a power source for supplying electrical current, and a transformer that generates high voltage. The ozone generator also includes single or multiple ceramic plates disposed in a spaced-apart, parallel relationship, and coated with stainless steel mesh. Voltage generated by the transformer contacts the ceramic plates by means of an electrode. Accordingly, ozone is generated by discharging electricity through electrodes that contact in both sides of ceramic plate.

Abstract: A boost purge ejector tee arrangement is integrated into a turbocompressor associated with an engine and includes first and second passages, an inlet port and a nozzle. The first passage is formed into a housing of the turbocompressor and includes an outlet in communication with a turbocompressor inlet. The second passage is formed into the housing and includes a boost air inlet in communication with an internal outlet area of the turbocompressor and intersecting the first passage. The inlet port is associated with the housing and intersects the first passage. The nozzle is positioned in the first passage such that an outlet of the nozzle is proximate the intersection of the inlet port and first passage. During a boost mode of operation, the second passage is adapted to receive boost air flow, which flows through the nozzle thereby creating a vacuum and drawing purge through the inlet port.

Abstract: A processing scheme for digital storage media using multi-user detection to separate tracks of data or remove interference from neighboring tracks. In one embodiment, data is written on a plurality of tracks positioned sufficiently close together so that multiple tracks are detected simultaneously by the read access sensor. Upon scanning the surface for data, the read element simultaneously receives the data signals from a plurality of tracks. Joint detection signal processing resolves the interference and data bits from the multiple sensed tracks, enabling closer packing of data with minimal guard space.

Abstract: A processing scheme for digital storage media using multi-user detection to separate tracks of data or remove interference from neighboring tracks. In one embodiment, data is written on a plurality of tracks positioned sufficiently close together so that multiple tracks are detected simultaneously by the read access sensor. Upon scanning the surface for data, the read element simultaneously receives the data signals from a plurality of tracks. Joint detection signal processing resolves the interference and data bits from the multiple sensed tracks, enabling closer packing of data with minimal guard space.

Abstract: A system is provided for increasing the brightness and color saturation of a liquid crystal display to permit direct sunlight viewing which includes the utilization of an array of diffractive color separation microlenses which serve both to spatially separate incoming white light into red, green and blue bands which do not overlap and to focus the bands onto a subpixel matrix such that each of the sub-pixels is illuminated with only one color. The diffractive color separation is made possible through the utilization of the iterative genetic algorithm which specifies the stepped surface of the lens that provide for exceptionally fine color separation. In one embodiment the genetic algorithm is applied iteratively to define the optimal stepped surfaces which are utilized to focus the various colors at different positions at the focal plane of the lens. The subject system improves the overall transmission efficiency of 5% for a standard liquid crystal display to in excess of 30% overall efficiency.

Abstract: A high brightness, high color saturation liquid crystal display permits direct sunlight viewing. The display includes one or more diffractive color separation microlenses, in one embodiment, trimodal, which serves both to spatially separate incoming white light into red, green and blue bands and to focus the bands onto a subpixel matrix. A stepped and segmented surface of at least one microlens enables that microlens to provide a plurality of diffraction patterns.

Abstract: The present invention is an amplifier for amplifying an optical signal. The signal to be amplified passes into and then from a first optical manipulator. The first manipulator is at least one or more collimators and/or concentrators. The amplifier includes an input pump which produces pump light overlapping the optical signal as the signal passes from the first manipulator. The amplifier further includes a plurality of ion-doped crystalline hosts to be excited by the pump light and impinged by the signal. Finally the signal passes through a second manipulator, which is also one or more collimators and/or concentrators, and exits the amplifier.

Abstract: A trimodal microlens configuration is provided for the lenses in a microlens array utilized as a diffraction separator for generating separated bands of different color when the microlens array is provided with a collimated light source. To provide the trimodal functionality, each microlens is divided up into three segments, with the center segment providing a red, green, blue diffraction pattern, with the left segment providing a blue, red, green diffraction pattern, and with the right segment providing a green, blue, red diffraction pattern. This pattern is directed towards an adjacent liquid crystal color display in which its sub-pixels are arranged red, green, blue, with the green sub-pixel aligned with the center segment of the corresponding lens.

Abstract: A digital data processor executes fixed-length instructions containing either a direct literal or part of an address specifying an indirect literal stored in memory. The balance of the address of the indirect literal preferably is provided by the value of the program counter. A direct-indirect control bit contained in the instruction indicates whether a direct literal or indirect literal is specified by the literal field. In processing an instruction, the processor preferably treats the literal field contents as though it contained both direct literal bits and address bits for specifying an indirect literal. The processor uses the direct/indirect literal control bit to determine whether to pass the literal field contents or the fetched entry from the memory for further processing. In this way, the processor can obtain, for instance, either short direct literals or long indirect literals in an expeditious manner in the same number of cycles.

Abstract: A readily adjustable machine which continuously produces corrugated flexible metal tubing from very light gauge metal and of various diameters. A warping ring receives therewithin a longitudinally corrugated narrow strip of formable metal of light gauge and warps the same helically to produce convolutions by means of a helical warping surface which extends into one of the longitudinal corrugations. The size of the tube produced can be varied by merely substituting a warping ring of a different size. A uniquely shaped pair of die-forming rollers have lock-seam forming surfaces which are adjustable relative to each other to provide variation in the degree to which the seam will permit and withstand axial torque. The lock seam is constructed to be symmetrical about the neutral axis of the corrugation and about the slope line of the common corrugation leg of adjacent convolutions which it constitutes.

Abstract: A readily adjustable machine which continuously produces corrugated flexible metal tubing from very light gauge metal and of various diameters. A warping ring receives therewithin a longitudinally corrugated narrow strip of formable metal of light gauge and warps the same helically to produce convolutions by means of a helical warping surface which extends into one of the longitudinal corrugations. The size of the tube produced can be varied by merely substituting a warping ring of a different size. A uniquely shaped pair of die-forming rollers have lock-seam forming surfaces which are adjustable relative to each other to provide variation in the degree to which the seam will permit and withstand axial torque. The lock seam is constructed to be symmetrical about the neutral axis of the corrugation and about the slope line of the common corrugation leg of adjacent convolutions which it constitutes.