Abstract: In general, the present invention is directed to materials that when in use resist fouling on their surfaces. Such materials may be used in the construction of various process equipment having surfaces exposed to a given fluid that contains a foulant or chemical substance that may deposit on, or adhere to, the surface and thereafter continue to grow on the surface resulting in deteriorated performance of the equipment and process. The materials are specifically selected using a method that takes into account the dielectric spectra of the fluid to which the surface is exposed and the surface itself. It has been unexpectedly found that if the dielectric spectra of the surface and the fluid are matched to within relative agreement, there should be no adhesion of the foulant on the surface. In some embodiments, the dielectric spectra to be matched include the intrinsic indexes of refraction.

Abstract: In general, the present invention is directed to materials that when in use resist fouling on their surfaces. Such materials may be used in the construction of various process equipment having surfaces exposed to a given fluid that contains a foulant or chemical substance that may deposit on, or adhere to, the surface and thereafter continue to grow on the surface resulting in deteriorated performance of the equipment and process. The materials are specifically selected using a method that takes into account the dielectric spectra of the fluid to which the surface is exposed and the surface itself. It has been unexpectedly found that if the dielectric spectra of the surface and the fluid are matched to within relative agreement, there should be no adhesion of the foulant on the surface. In some embodiments, the dielectric spectra to be matched include the intrinsic indexes of refraction.

Abstract: In general, the present invention is directed to materials that when in use resist fouling on their surfaces. Such materials may be used in the construction of various process equipment having surfaces exposed to a given fluid that contains a foulant or chemical substance that may deposit on, or adhere to, the surface and thereafter continue to grow on the surface resulting in deteriorated performance of the equipment and process. The materials are specifically selected using a method that takes into account the dielectric spectra of the fluid to which the surface is exposed and the surface itself. It has been unexpectedly found that if the dielectric spectra of the surface and the fluid are matched to within relative agreement, there should be no adhesion of the foulant on the surface. In some embodiments, the dielectric spectra to be matched include the intrinsic indexes of refraction.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the systems and/or methods described herein may address locations that may be incapable of utilizing one or more systems and/or methods in related fields. According to one embodiment, a method and/or system may deliver audio and/or visual information to an audience represented by a collective of persons present in a selection of retail locations at any given moment. In another embodiment, advertisements may be customized to a specific venue and/or a group of venues. In one embodiment, a venue may use a computer system to distribute media such as audio and/or video information. In an alternative embodiment, one or more venues may comprise a portion of a private radio network system which may distribute media such as audio and/or visual media in accordance with one or more methods.

Abstract: An improved system, apparatus and method are disclosed for interleaving selected video fields of multiple displayable programs to facilitate viewer selection of which programs to display. Selected video fields are stored and continuously displayed until new, successive video field is selected to update the currently stored video field. In this manner, a sequence of rapidly updated, fixed or frozen video fields provide the appearance of continuous movement of displayed images. Digital data is included in the video fields to identify the particular fields occurring in an arbitrary sequence. The sequence of interleaved video fields may be assembled in real time or stored as a video tape recording, and the information needed to re-assembly correlated video fields of a selected displayable program from the arbitrary sequence of interleaved video fields is included in the digital data in the horizontal scans of traces of each video field in the sequence.

Abstract: An improved system, apparatus and method are disclosed for interleaving selected video fields of multiple displayable programs to facilitate viewer selection of which programs to display. Selected video fields are stored and continuously displayed until a new, successive video field is selected to update the currently stored video field. In this manner, a sequence of rapidly updated, fixed or frozen video fields provides the appearance of continuous movement of displayed images. Audio signals are included in the video fields of displayable programs to provide audio signals in synchronism with selected video fields. The sequence of interleaved video fields may be assembled in real time or stored as a video tape recording, and the information need to re-assemble correlated video fields of a selector displayable program from the sequence of interleaved video fields is included in the horizontal scans or traces of each video field in the sequence.