Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods described herein provide one or more radical chemicals generators (RCGs) and/or mini-chambers (M-Cs) that can be used to provide enhanced radical ignition (ERI) in an internal combustion engine. RCGs as described herein can include quenching systems (QSs) that can be configured to quench a flame of combustion products to produce a jet of partial combustion products containing radical species (RS). The jet of partial combustion products can be injected to a main combustion chamber (MCC) of an engine to induce ERI. ERI can proceed under leaner fuel conditions and lower temperatures compared to those needed for conventional thermally induced, fuel oxidation chain initiation reaction processes.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods described herein provide one or more radical chemicals generators (RCGs) and/or mini-chambers (M-Cs) that can be used to provide enhanced radical ignition (ERI) in an internal combustion engine. RCGs as described herein can include quenching systems (QSs) that can be configured to quench a flame of combustion products to produce a jet of partial combustion products containing radical species (RS). The jet of partial combustion products can be injected to a main combustion chamber (MCC) of an engine to induce ERI. ERI can proceed under leaner fuel conditions and lower temperatures compared to those needed for conventional thermally induced, fuel oxidation chain initiation reaction processes.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods described herein provide one or more radical chemicals generators (RCGs) and/or mini-chambers (M-Cs) that can be used to provide enhanced radical ignition (ERI) in an internal combustion engine. RCGs as described herein can include quenching systems (QSs) that can be configured to quench a flame of combustion products to produce a jet of partial combustion products containing radical species (RS). The jet of partial combustion products can be injected to a main combustion chamber (MCC) of an engine to induce ERI. ERI can proceed under leaner fuel conditions and lower temperatures compared to those needed for conventional thermally induced, fuel oxidation chain initiation reaction processes.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods described herein provide one or more radical chemicals generators (RCGs) and/or mini-chambers (M-Cs) that can be used to provide enhanced radical ignition (ERI) in an internal combustion engine. RCGs as described herein can include quenching systems (QSs) that can be configured to quench a flame of combustion products to produce a jet of partial combustion products containing radical species (RS). The jet of partial combustion products can be injected to a main combustion chamber (MCC) of an engine to induce ERI. ERI can proceed under leaner fuel conditions and lower temperatures compared to those needed for conventional thermally induced, fuel oxidation chain initiation reaction processes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-efficiency solar cell including an Indium, Gallium, Aluminum and Nitrogen (in a combination comprising InGaN, or InAlN, or InGaAlN) alloy which may be blended with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) material, and which may include an absorption-enhancing layer including one of more of carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and undulating or uneven surface topography.

Abstract: A high-efficiency solar cell including an Indium, Gallium, Aluminum and Nitrogen (in a combination comprising InGaN, or InAlN, or InGaAlN) alloy which may be blended with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) material, and which may include an absorption-enhancing layer including one of more of carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and undulating or uneven surface topography.

Abstract: A high-efficiency solar cell including an Indium, Gallium, Aluminum and Nitrogen (in a combination comprising InGaN, or InAlN, or InGaAlN) alloy which may be blended with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) material, and which may include an absorption-enhancing layer including one of more of carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and undulating or uneven surface topography.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for insuring data cache content integrity among parallel processors is provided. Each processor has a data cache to store intermediate calculations. The data cache of each processor is synchronized with each other through the use of synchronization intervals. During entry of a synchronization interval, modified data variables contained in an individual cache are written back to a shared memory. The unmodified data contained in a data cache is flushed from memory. During exiting of a synchronization interval, data variables which were not modified since entry into the synchronization interval are also flushed. By retaining modified data cache values in the individual processors which computed the modified values, unnecessary access to shared memory is avoided.