Abstract: A portable surgical training device is provided. The trainer includes a top cover spaced apart from a base to form a simulated body cavity for locating model organs that are substantially obscured from the field of view of the user. The top cover includes a video display, fixed insertion ports and interchangeable inserts containing simulated tissue layers. The training device has open sides for demonstrating and training lateral surgical techniques including a simulated or live tissue colon attached to a support leg for simulating transanal minimally invasive surgery. A training endoscope with an adjustable focal length for use with the trainer and, in particular, with optical trocars is disclosed. The surgical trainer can be angled and is well suited for training laparoscopic surgery techniques and demonstrating surgical instruments.

Abstract: A surgical training device is provided. The training device includes a practice model comprising a base with a plurality of eyelets connected to the outer surface of the base. The plurality of eyelets defines at least one predetermined pathway for practicing the passing of at least one needle and suture through the eyelets of the predetermined pathway. Various eyelets are described including angled, flexible, deflectable, interchangeable, retractable, rotatable and ones having apertures of various shapes and sizes. The predetermined pathway is marked with markings on the outer surface of base or with color-coded eyelets. Suture pathways define anatomical pathways as well as differing skill levels. The model provides a platform for practicing hand-to-hand transfer and depth perception among other skills required in laparoscopic procedures.

Abstract: A surgical training model that includes a simulated tissue having a tubular shape that is connected to a tissue holder is provided. A portion of the simulated tissue overhangs the distal end of the tissue holder to simulate a cuff-like entry to the vaginal vault or resected intestine suitable for practicing laparoscopic closure of the vaginal vault, intestine or other organ via suturing or stapling. Two concentric tubular structures are also arranged over the same tissue holder. A second model includes two portions of simulated tissue that are held by two holders such that the simulated tissues are adjacent making the model suitable for practicing different types of anastomosis procedures. A third model includes two holders with a single or double tubular simulated tissue structure connected to and spanning a gap between the holders. The model isolates the step of closing a cylindrical opening for the purpose of repeated practice.

Abstract: A surgical training model that includes a simulated tissue having a tubular shape that is connected to a tissue holder is provided. A portion of the simulated tissue overhangs the distal end of the tissue holder to simulate a cuff-like entry to the vaginal vault or resected intestine suitable for practicing laparoscopic closure of the vaginal vault, intestine or other organ via suturing or stapling. Two concentric tubular structures are also arranged over the same tissue holder. A second model includes two portions of simulated tissue that are held by two holders such that the simulated tissues are adjacent making the model suitable for practicing different types of anastomosis procedures. A third model includes two holders with a single or double tubular simulated tissue structure connected to and spanning a gap between the holders. The model isolates the step of closing a cylindrical opening for the purpose of repeated practice.

Abstract: A surgical training device includes a model comprising a simulated tissue portion mounted in selectable tension onto a plurality of posts connected to a base. Each post includes at least one notch configured for retaining the simulated tissue portion. Mounting the simulated tissue portion that is in the form of a sheet in notches of different heights creates an angled installation of simulated tissue upon which surgical techniques such as cutting and suturing can be practiced in a simulated laparoscopic environment. More than one sheet can be mounted and each sheet can be mounted with selectable tension by pulling the sheet more or less as desired onto the posts. One variation includes a simulated tumor disposed between sheets, angled or wobbly posts and textured and imprinted simulated tissue surfaces to provide various levels of dynamism and difficulty for surgical skills training in a laparoscopic environment.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a kink-resistant tube having drainage holes is provided. A wire is coated with plastic material and wound around a mandrel forming a plurality of windings. The wound coated wire is heated until the plastic coating material melts and bonds the wire windings to form a wire-reinforced sheath having wire-containing sections and non-wire containing sections. Alternatively, a coated or non-coated wire is wound around a mandrel together with separate polymer filament material and then heated. A filament having an elongated cross-section may be employed with the major axis of the elongated cross-section substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sheath. At least one non-wire containing section is identified by passing light through at least one wall of the wire-reinforced sheath. Image capture and analysis via an optical system and microprocessor automatically identify regions to target a drill for forming holes in the non-wire containing sections.

Abstract: A portable surgical training device is provided. The trainer includes a top cover spaced apart from a base to form a simulated body cavity for locating model organs that are substantially obscured from the field of view of the user. The top cover includes a video display, fixed insertion ports and interchangeable inserts containing simulated tissue layers. The training device has open sides for demonstrating and training lateral surgical techniques including a simulated or live tissue colon attached to a support leg for simulating transanal minimally invasive surgery. A training endoscope with an adjustable focal length for use with the trainer and, in particular, with optical trocars is disclosed. The surgical trainer can be angled and is well suited for training laparoscopic surgery techniques and demonstrating surgical instruments.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing electronic payment transaction information. A transaction software engine operating in a server at a merchant's site effectuates the authorization of electronic payment requests and the settlement of authorized electronic payments. Authorization requests are sent by a terminal at the merchant's site to the server as each transaction occurs. Batches of settlement requests are processed after a predetermined time, although the transactions are processed on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The transaction software engine is capable of accepting data of varying formats and re-encoding such data so that it can be processed by a host associated with a data transaction provider. Accordingly, the transaction software engine processes data received from a variety of terminals as well as data sent to and received from a variety of data transaction providers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing transactions, and more specifically for receiving, processing and transmitting electronic payment transaction information. The system and method accesses a transaction software engine that effectuates the authorization of electronic payment requests and the settlement of authorized electronic payments. The transaction software engine, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, resides at a merchant's site and more specifically within the merchant's server or computer which is in communication with one or more network terminals. With such a system, authorization requests may be sent by a terminal as each transaction occurs. Batches of settlement requests are processed after a predetermined time, although the transactions are processed on a transaction-by-transaction basis. In addition, the software engine enables the transmission of data over the Internet.

Abstract: A substantially rectangularly shaped metal housing includes a top wall, a rear wall, a pair of side walls and a bottom wall. The front edges of the side walls carry a pair of opposed, vertically extending channel members which are adapted to accommodate the side edges of a substantially rectangularly shaped front cover. A lock is mounted at the upper central portion of the cover which locks into a cooperating element on the inside top wall. The lock also interferes with the bottom wall when the cover is slid downwardly to allow the cover to be suspended by the housing. One of the upper corners of the cover is cut off so that the cover can be rotated and removed when in the suspended position. A strand bar extends between and is supported by a pair of opposed tapered indentations in the interior side walls.

Abstract: A substantially rectangularly shaped metal housing includes a rear wall, a pair of side walls, a top wall and a lower partial front wall; the upper portion of the front of the housing being open. The top wall being larger than the base of the housing and extending forwardly and downwardly over the front thereof. A cover for the open front fits up under the top wall and includes a rearwardly and downwardly extending flange which rests on the top edge of the partial front wall to support the cover in place. A locking member prevents unauthorized removal of the cover.