Abstract: Novel aqueous, acid etch solutions comprising a fluorinated surfactant are provided. The etch solutions are used with a wide variety of substrates, for example, in the etching of silicon oxide-containing substrates.

Abstract: A system and method for considerable reduction of power consumption in memory circuits implementing Vbb (array body bias) and Vwl (negative word line) voltage generators. The system comprises switching off the negative WL generator during sleep or standby mode, so that no power is consumed. A relaxed refresh operation is carried out and the negative WL is powered by the Vbb generator. The noise coupled to the negative WL supply from BL swing is reduced due to the joint Vbb-Vwl decoupling scheme. In the active mode, the Vbb and Vneg are separated to avoid any cross-over noise and to maintain design flexibility. During power-on period, the ramp-up rate of Vbb level is improved by the Vwl generator.

Abstract: A method and system of refreshing a DRAM having a multitude of successive wordlines. The method comprises the step of starting a refresh cycle, and this starting step includes the steps of (I) counting the wordlines one at a time in succession, (ii) refreshing the wordlines counted over a first period t1, and (iii) at the end of period t1, stopping the refreshing of the wordlines, and continuing the counting of the wordlines for a period t2. The method further comprises the step of, after period t2, restarting the refresh cycle. Preferably, the restarting step includes the steps of, at the end of period t2, delaying for a period t3; and restarting the refresh cycle at the end of period t3. The method may include the further step of adjusting the length of the period t1, and preferably, during the combined periods t1 and t2, all of the wordlines are counted.

Abstract: A security assembly for an article to be monitored has a housing to be mounted to an article to be monitored, a fastener that extends into the housing and that is capable of being secured to an article to be monitored to maintain the housing in an operative position on an article to be monitored, and a switch on the housing and having first and second states. The fastener is movable relative to the housing between first and second positions. The switch is in the first state with the fastener in the first position. The switch is changed from the first state into the second state as an incident of the fastener being moved from the first position into the second position.

Abstract: A system for detecting an arcing fault in a telephone central office DC power distribution conductor repeatedly measures the current flow in the distribution line, as with an inductive coupling, and derives a Fourier transform analysis spectrum from such measurements. The power values at intervals across the frequency spectrum are compared with recorded threshold template values encompassing the spectrum typical of an arcing event and an alarm condition is established when such threshold levels are exceeded.

Abstract: An ornamental necklace made up of annular members in combination with beadlike elements wherein the annular members are disposed in alternating overlapping relation together with stringing means or the like for maintaining the annular members in their overlapping relation; the beadlike elements being disposed within and/or between successive annular members in the stringing means and concealing such stringing means, the relationship of the beadlike elements and the annular members being such that the necklace may be worn to expose either side thereof to thereby provide alternative ornamental effects.