Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer-implemented method and system for determining when to retrain an individual-item model within a recommendation engine. The computer-implemented method includes defining a consumer feature vector having attributes of historical consumers that impact an individual-item model. The computer-implemented method further includes calculating a historical feature vector relating to the historical consumers. The computer-implemented method also includes determining a retraining threshold for the individual-item model and calculating a new feature vector relating to new consumers. The new feature vector containing new attribute values of the new consumers and defined by the consumer feature vector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer-implemented method and system for determining when to retrain an individual-item model within a recommendation engine. The computer-implemented method includes defining a consumer feature vector having attributes of historical consumers that impact an individual-item model. The computer-implemented method further includes calculating a historical feature vector relating to the historical consumers. The computer-implemented method also includes determining a retraining threshold for the individual-item model and calculating a new feature vector relating to new consumers. The new feature vector containing new attribute values of the new consumers and defined by the consumer feature vector.

Abstract: Embodiments for recommending exemplars of a data-set by a processor. A selected number of exemplars may be labeled from one or more classes in a data-set. One or more class exemplars for each of the one or more classes in the data-set may be recommended according to similarities between the selected number of labeled exemplars and remaining data of the data-set.

Abstract: Embodiments for managing skills as a cluster using machine learning and a domain knowledge expert by a processor. An adjacency of one or more target skills and one or more skills of each of a plurality of entities may be determined. The adjacency of skills may be used to generate one or more skill clusters. One or more domain knowledge experts may be used to correct the one or more skill clusters. The skill clusters corrected by the domain knowledge experts may be used to correct the skill adjacencies. The corrected skill adjacencies may be used to select candidates for reskilling. A skill demand of the one or more skill clusters may be forecasted.

Abstract: Embodiments for recommending exemplars of a data-set by a processor. A selected number of exemplars may be labeled from one or more classes in a data-set. One or more class exemplars for each of the one or more classes in the data-set may be recommended according to similarities between the selected number of labeled exemplars and remaining data of the data-set.

Abstract: Embodiments for estimating substitutability between skills by combining skill similarities from one or more data sources by a processor. An adjacency of skill similarity of one or more skills of one or more entities may be determined. The adjacency of skill similarity may be used to generate one or more skill clusters. Skill demand of the one or more skill clusters may be forecasted.