Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the accurate determination of impact fracture behavior of materials. Test specimens are thermally preconditioned in-situ by flowing a thermally conditioned gas over the surfaces of the specimen which contain the volume of material near the notch and/or precrack which influences the fracture properties. Upper shelf energy is determined using miniature specimens which is quantitatively equivalent to the upper shelf energy which would have been obtained using conventional ASTM E 23 specimens. Percent shear fracture area and lateral expansion are measured using a computerized image capture system to reproduce a digitized image of the fracture surface on a computer which is then quantitatively analyzed. A high frequency response load cell, consisting in part of two active strain gages installed near the center of percussion on the tapered portion of an impact striker, well within one stress wavelength of the striking surface, is used to measure the force-time curve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a force, displacement, or both to specimens, components, or systems by using a remote variable load/deflection device. The method enables testing of materials under actual in-service conditions. A displaceable container with a heating or heating and cooling element inside is provided. As heat is applied to the element, it expands thermally and causes the container to displace and apply force to specimens, components, or systems. The load/displacement of the container is modified by heating or cooling the element material. The container may be attached to in-service specimens, components, or systems and used to study the material behavior during in-service operation.