Abstract: A fluid temperature control apparatus in combination with a machine tool, wherein the apparatus is arranged to adjust the temperature of a fluid being supplied to the machine tool. The apparatus comprises a temperature control assembly for adjusting the temperature of the fluid as it passes through the assembly. The assembly comprises at least one thermoelectric temperature control device.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control apparatus in combination with a machine tool, wherein the apparatus is arranged to adjust the temperature of a fluid being supplied to the machine tool. The apparatus comprises a temperature control assembly for adjusting the temperature of the fluid as it passes through the assembly. The assembly comprises at least one thermoelectric temperature control device.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control assembly in combination with a machine tool, and a method of adjusting the temperature of a fluid being supplied to a machine tool. The assembly is arranged to adjust the temperature of a fluid being supplied to the machine tool to maintain the fluid at a setpoint temperature at a location downstream of the assembly. The assembly comprises a radio frequency (RF) or microwave energy source to supply energy to the fluid as it passes through the assembly to heat the fluid, a temperature sensing arrangement for outputting a temperature signal responsive to the temperature of the fluid at the downstream location, and a control arrangement configured to receive the temperature signal and control the energy source with reference to the temperature signal to heat the fluid so as to maintain the fluid at the setpoint temperature at the downstream location.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control assembly in combination with a machine tool, and a method of adjusting the temperature of a fluid being supplied to a machine tool. The assembly is arranged to adjust the temperature of a fluid being supplied to the machine tool to maintain the fluid at a setpoint temperature at a location downstream of the assembly with a high level of accuracy. The assembly comprises a radio frequency (RF) or microwave energy source to supply energy to the fluid as it passes through the assembly to heat the fluid, a temperature sensing arrangement for outputting a temperature signal responsive to the temperature of the fluid at the downstream location, and a control arrangement configured to receive the temperature signal and control the energy source with reference to the temperature signal to heat the fluid so as to maintain the fluid at the setpoint temperature at the downstream location.

Abstract: A counterforce mechanism is arranged to exert a force on an object to maintain the object at a desired position. The mechanism comprises a driven body, a drive for moving the driven body, and a resilient coupling arrangement for coupling the driven body to a portion of an object. A control arrangement is arranged to output a drive signal to the driven body drive to move the driven body to a location where it exerts a force on the object via the coupling arrangement, such that the force counteracts an opposing force acting on the object and the mechanism holds the portion of the object at the desired position. A machine axis and a machine tool incorporating such a counterforce mechanism are also described, together with methods of operation thereof.

Abstract: Multi-layer polyolefin films for envelope windows, comprising at least three layers wherein the central layer comprises a propylene homopolymer; the layer of film on the outer part of the envelope, which forms the anti-reflective layer, is based on propylene copolymers in mixture with HDPE, HDPE being comprised between 40 and 50% by weight of the mixture; the inner layer in contact with the contents of the envelope is based on ethylene/propylene/butene copolymers, the film being isotropic in relation to shear strength.

Abstract: Multilayer films for naked collation packaging of single packs comprising at least a core layer, an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner and outer layer, equal to or different from each other, consist of one or more olefin (co)polymers wherein: outer layer: (co)polymers having a melting point in the range 65° C.-85° C.; inner layer: (co)polymers having a melting point in the range 65° C.-90° C.; core layer: (co)polymers of propylene and/or butene; wherein the film wrapping the single packs consists or one or more olefin (co)polymers having a melting point higher than 120° C.

Abstract: A counterforce mechanism is arranged to exert a force on an object to maintain the object at a desired position. The mechanism comprises a driven body, a drive for moving the driven body, and a resilient coupling arrangement for coupling the driven body to a portion of an object. A control arrangement is arranged to output a drive signal to the driven body drive to move the driven body to a location where it exerts a force on the object via the coupling arrangement, such that the force counteracts an opposing force acting on the object and the mechanism holds the portion of the object at the desired position. A machine axis and a machine tool incorporating such a counterforce mechanism are also described, together with methods of operation thereof.

Abstract: Multilayer films for naked collation packaging of single packs comprising at least a core layer, an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner and outer layer, equal to or different from each other, consist of one or more olefin (co)polymers wherein: outer layer: (co)polymers having a melting point in the range 65° C.-85° C.; inner layer: (co)polymers having a melting point in the range 65° C.-90° C.; core layer: (co) polymers of propylene and/or butene; wherein the film wrapping the single packs consists of one or more olefin (co)polymers having a melting point higher than 120° C.

Abstract: In order to form a tapered hole in sheet material, an oversize hole is first formed typically by drilling. The sheet material is then compressed or squeezed in the vicinity of the hole using a press tool to cause the material to flow in the direction of the hole to reduce the size of the hole. The compression produces a hole that tapers from both surfaces of the sheet material to the midpoint of the hole, and an annular region of increased thickness around the area subjected to compression. Machining may be used to remove any annular region of increased thickness so that the remaining sheet material has the same thickness. Further material may be removed by machining to reduce the thickness of the sheet material in the vicinity of the hole so the remaining opening tapers from one surface of the sheet to the other.