Abstract: A nephelometer for detecting the concentration of particulates in a sample aerosol is provided with a branched flow path with a sample aerosol input, a clean gas input and an output leading to an optical sensor unit. At least one of the inputs has periodic variable flow so that a concentration-modulated gas stream is supplied to the optical sensor unit. The detector output of the sensor unit is processed in synchrony with the concentration modulation to filter out DC components, such as 1/f noise and parasitic instrument noise.

Abstract: A device is provided for reducing NOx emission in the engine exhaust stream for a Diesel engine system. The engine system including, but not limited to an exhaust line having at least a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system. Inside the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) a NOx absorber is provided and the NOx absorber being suitable to store the NOx at low temperature and subsequently release the NOx when a target temperature is reached.

Abstract: System and methods for creating shaped, non-circular boreholes in rocks especially for use with geothermal heat pump applications and for increasing wellbore support in applications such as horizontal oil and gas drilling are described. The systems and methods when applied to geothermal heat pumps create an elliptical shaped hole that is optimized for placing heat transfer tubes with a minimum of grout used. The significantly reduced cross-sectional area of the elliptical borehole also increases the overall drilling rate in rock and especially in hard rocks. In horizontal hard-rock drilling, creation of a horizontal non-circular borehole or modification of a circular borehole to a non-circular geometry is used to stabilize the borehole prior to casing insertion, and may also allow the use of lower mud pressures improving drilling rates. The system uses a non-contacting drilling system which in one embodiment uses a supersonic flame jet drilling system with a movable nozzle that swings between pivot points.

Abstract: In a battery charging system for a hybrid vehicle, a user-operated switch is provided for triggering an engine to charge battery at an earlier stage for an extended journey as compared to a normal journey. A sensor is provided to detect a charge state level of the battery, the output of the sensor being compared at with a threshold set by switch.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to amides, aryl sulphonamides, aryl ureas, and ?,?-diketones derivatives useful as carboxylesterase esterase inhibitors. The disclosure is also directed to the use of these compounds as selective human intestinal carboxylesterase inhibitors and insect carboxylesterase inhibitors. The disclosure is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions and pesticide formulations containing these compounds, and to methods for treating or ameliorating the toxic effects following administration of drugs such as cancer therapy drugs, treating or ameliorating the effects of a drug overdose, and to the use of the compounds for increasing the effectiveness of insecticides and pesticides.

Abstract: A system and method of producing a business report from data contained in a computer based business intelligence system, is provided. The method includes defining one or more macro functions, and producing a report layout containing one or more macrotized database language expressions. The macrotized database language expression having at least one of the macro functions. The method includes produce one or more valid database language expressions for a database query by modifying the one or more macrotized database language expressions in dependence upon the return value of the at least one of the macro functions, and applying the one or more valid database language expressions to one or more database to produce the business report.

Abstract: A diesel engine is provided for a motor vehicle. The engine includes, but is not limited to a long route exhaust gas recirculating (LR-EGR) system, in which a Lean NOx Trap (LNT) is located upstream of a diesel particulate filter (DPF).

Abstract: A user-operated switch is provided to enable an engine to operate a generator to charge a battery while the vehicle is parked.

Abstract: An exhaust after-treatment system for a vehicle including a dosing agent that is selectively injected into an exhaust from a dosing agent supply includes a first module that determines a level of a dosing agent source. A second module selectively impedes vehicle operation by adjusting an engine operating mode if the level of said dosing agent source is below a threshold level.

Abstract: A video compression system compresses video frames comprising pixels defined by n-bit color values. Encoder of video compression system determines the difference between a current pixel value and a plurality reference pixel values. Encoder sends difference value to decoder. Decoder determines current pixel value by adjusting a reference pixel color value by delta value.

Abstract: System and methods for creating shaped, non-circular boreholes in rocks especially for use with geothermal heat pump applications and for increasing wellbore support in applications such as horizontal oil and gas drilling are described. The systems and methods when applied to geothermal heat pumps create an elliptical shaped hole that is optimized for placing heat transfer tubes with a minimum of grout used. The significantly reduced cross-sectional area of the elliptical borehole also increases the overall drilling rate in rock and especially in hard rocks. In horizontal hard-rock drilling, creation of a horizontal non-circular borehole or modification of a circular borehole to a non-circular geometry is used to stabilize the borehole prior to casing insertion, and may also allow the use of lower mud pressures improving drilling rates. The system uses a non-contacting drilling system which in one embodiment uses a supersonic flame jet drilling system with a movable nozzle that swings between pivot points.

Abstract: Reducing multiple access interference in the radio frequency communications path between the network base station and UE. The preferred methods include interleaving STAP and MUD in a plurality of stages in a base station receiver. Specific embodiments accomplish this by selecting certain UE connections for MUD processing by stage. Then, in two or more stages, demodulating the UE connections selected for MUD processing using STAP, and MUD canceling UE connections selected for MUD processing. Within the latency requirements of the network, preferred embodiments of the present invention also command a transmit power for each UE connections in order to exploit the effect of interleaved STAP and MUD processing.

Abstract: A video compression system compresses video frames comprising pixels defined by n-bit color values. Encoder of video compression system determines the difference between a current pixel value and a plurality reference pixel values. Encoder sends difference value to decoder. Decoder determines current pixel value by adjusting a reference pixel color value by delta value.

Abstract: A method of detecting a coded magnetic thread is provided that includes sensing the response of a magnetic field detector as a thread passes the detector, the response varying from an initial magnitude in first and second senses to exhibit a first peak, and then in the first sense to exhibit a second peak; comparing the response with first and second thresholds disposed about the initial magnitude in the first and second senses respectively; and indicating the passage of a code element of the thread when the response passes the second threshold and then the first threshold in a predetermined manner characterized in that the first threshold is adjusted in accordance with a first predetermined algorithm based on the magnitude of the first peak. The first predetermined algorithm adjusts the first threshold so that the magnitude of the first threshold is the average of a predetermined number of preceding first peaks.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying a coded magnetic thread comprise generating a digital representation of the thread and comparing the digital representation with one or more known digital representations; scanning the digital representation to locate a predetermined code sequence; and rotating the digital representation to locate the predetermined code sequence in a predetermined position corresponding to the position of the predetermined code sequence in a stored version of the or each known digital representation prior to carrying out the comparison.

Abstract: An exhaust after-treatment system for a vehicle including a dosing agent that is selectively injected into an exhaust from a dosing agent supply includes a first module that determines a level of a dosing agent source. A second module selectively impedes vehicle operation by adjusting an engine operating mode if the level of said dosing agent source is below a threshold level.

Abstract: A system and method of producing a business report from data contained in a computer based business intelligence system, is provided. The method includes defining one or more macro functions, and producing a report layout containing one or more macrotized database language expressions. The macrotized database language expression having at least one of the macro functions. The method includes produce one or more valid database language expressions for a database query by modifying the one or more macrotized database language expressions in dependence upon the return value of the at least one of the macro functions, and applying the one or more valid database language expressions to one or more database to produce the business report.

Abstract: A report specification for defining a report and a system and method of producing a report output from a report definition are provided. The report specification comprises a data selection specification for defining one or more sets of data that are to be reported against and a layout specification for defining how the data is to be structured and rendered. The layout specification including elements that are typically defined in a query. The system comprises a report engine for decomposing a report definition into a layout definition and a query set component, a query engine for processing a query results definition of the query set to produce query results to be rendered, and a rendering engine for creating the final report by using the query results and the layout definition.

Abstract: A video compression system compresses video frames comprising pixels defined by n-bit color values. Encoder of video compression system determines the difference between a current pixel value and a plurality reference pixel values. Encoder sends difference value to decoder. Decoder determines current pixel value by adjusting a reference pixel color value by delta value.

Abstract: A method and system for injecting charge includes providing a first material on a second material and injecting charge into the first material to trap charge at an interface between the first and second materials. The thickness of the first material is greater than a penetration depth of the injected charge in the first material.