Abstract: A method of treating a person with a substance abuse disorder, in particular, opioid abuse and psychostimulant abuse with a chemokine receptor antagonist pharmaceutical composition. The antagonist comprising five contiguous amino acids having the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, or Ile; B is Ser, Thr, Asp, or Asn; C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, or Trp; D is Tyr and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, or Gly. The amino acids are D stereoisomers. The method both relieves a person's symptoms and reduces the person's risks of addiction.

Abstract: A method of treating a person with a substance abuse disorder, in particular, opioid abuse and psychostimulant abuse with a chemokine receptor antagonist pharmaceutical composition. The antagonist comprising five contiguous amino acids having the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, or Ile; B is Ser, Thr, Asp, or Asn; C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, or Trp; D is Tyr and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, or Gly. The amino acids are D stereoisomers. The method both relieves a person's symptoms and reduces the person's risks of addiction.

Abstract: The present invention relates, broadly, to the improvement of cognition by methods to shift neurons from a state or condition of loss of synapses and dendritic spines to one of formation/regeneration of synapses and dendritic spines. A novel mechanism appears to control a neuronal stress response and improve memory and learning by rebalancing synapse and dendritic spine dynamics to favor their formation. Methods are disclosed to enhance the number of functioning synapses and dendritic spines which is expected to improve overall cognitive function.

Abstract: A method of treating a person with a substance abuse disorder, in particular, opioid abuse and psychostimulant abuse with a chemokine receptor antagonist pharmaceutical composition. The antagonist comprising five contiguous amino acids having the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, or Ile; B is Ser, Thr, Asp, or Asn; C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, or Trp; D is Tyr and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, or Gly. The amino acids are D stereoisomers. The method both relieves a person's symptoms and reduces the person's risks of addiction.

Abstract: A method of treating liver inflammation in an individual caused by excess fat deposition, sometimes called “fatty liver disease”, which may be caused by metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, or gut microbial dysbiosis, and which may lead to the serious and potentially life-threatening condition of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A composition composed of an all-D amino acid peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is prepared and administered to a patient. The D peptide has the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, Ile. B is Ser, Thr, Asp, Asn, C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Trp, D is Tyr, and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, Gly. The composition acts to suppress inflammation underlying steatohepatitis. The D peptide may be esterified, glycosylated, or amidated at E to enhance tissue distribution by promoting egress from the circulation and penetration into the liver.

Abstract: A method of treatment of pain in a person with a D peptide chemokine receptor antagonist (CRA), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is disclosed. Because chemokines desensitize opiate receptors and enhance the perception of pain said D-peptide CRA, given with a suboptimal dose of an opioid, such as morphine, will restore opioid analgesic efficacy by blocking the cognate chemokine ligand from binding to its receptor and desensitizing the opioid receptor. This strategy of combining a suboptimal dose of morphine with a CRA enhances the potency of morphine, permitting use of lower doses of morphine to obtain equivalent and near maximal analgesia. Lower morphine (opioid) doses have less risk of adverse effects, and potentially also of development of tolerance and dependence.

Abstract: A method of treatment of pain in a person with a D peptide chemokine receptor antagonist (CRA), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is disclosed. Because chemokines desensitize opiate receptors and enhance the perception of pain said D-peptide CRA, given with a suboptimal dose of an opioid, such as morphine, will restore opioid analgesic efficacy by blocking the cognate chemokine ligand from binding to its receptor and desensitizing the opioid receptor. This strategy of combining a suboptimal dose of morphine with a CRA enhances the potency of morphine, permitting use of lower doses of morphine to obtain equivalent and near maximal analgesia. Lower morphine (opioid) doses have less risk of adverse effects, and potentially also of development of tolerance and dependence.

Abstract: A method of treating seizures, epilepsy or loss of brain function in an individual comprising the steps of preparing a composition composed of an all-D amino acid peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The D peptide has the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, Ile. B is Ser, Thr, Asp, Asn, C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Trp, D is Tyr, and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, Gly. And wherein all amino acids in the D peptide are the D stereoisomeric configuration and said peptide composition is administered in a therapeutically effective dose wherein said composition acts to suppress inflammation underlying the loss of brain function. The D peptide may be esterified, glycosylated, or amidated at E to enhance tissue distribution by promoting egress from the circulation and penetration into the brain.

Abstract: A method of treating liver inflammation in an individual caused by excess fat deposition, sometimes called “fatty liver disease”, which may be caused by metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, or gut microbial dysbiosis, and which may lead to the serious and potentially life-threatening condition of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) comprising the steps of preparing a composition composed of an all-D amino acid peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The D peptide has the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, Ile. B is Ser, Thr, Asp, Asn, C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Trp, D is Tyr, and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, Gly. And wherein all amino acids in the D peptide are the D stereoisomeric configuration and said peptide composition is administered in a therapeutically effective dose wherein said composition acts to suppress inflammation underlying steatohepatitis.

Abstract: A method of treating cosmetic skin conditions in an individual comprising the steps of preparing a composition comprising an all-D amino acid peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The D peptide has the general structure: A-B-C-D-E in which: A is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, Arg, Ile, B is Ser, Thr, Asp, Asn, C is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Trp, D is Tyr, and E is Thr, Ser, Arg, or Gly and wherein all amino acids in the D peptide are the D stereoisomeric configuration and said peptide composition is administered in a cosmetically effective dose wherein said composition acts to improve the appearance of the skin. The D peptide may have a terminal amide (—NH2) or methyl ester moiety to enhance its activity and penetration into the skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkylglycoside-containing compositions and methods for increasing the stability, reducing the aggregation and immunogenicity, increasing the biological activity, and reducing or preventing fibrillar formation of a peptide, polypeptide, or variant thereof, for example insulin and Peptide T or analog thereof.

Abstract: Intranasal therapy using short peptides of the formula (I): Ra-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Rb  (I) where Ra represents an amino terminal residue Ala-, D-Ala or Cys-Ala- and Rb represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr, -Thr-amide, -Thr-Cys or -Thr-Cys-amide, or a derivative thereof, or a peptide of formula (II): R1-R2-R3-R4-R5  (II) where R1 is an amino terminal residue XR6 or R6 wherein R6 is Thr-, Ser-, Asn-, Leu-, Ile-, Arg- or Glu- and X is Cys, R2 is Thr, Ser or Asp, R3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or Trp, R4 is Tyr and R5 is a carboxy terminal residue which is R7X or R7 wherein R7 may be any amino acid and X is Cys, or an ester or amide derivative thereof, or a physiologically acceptable salt of (I) or (II) is disclosed. Such peptides bind to T4 receptors and are useful for intranasal administration in preventing viral infectivity in mammals by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors. These peptides are believed to act as competitive blocking agents.

Abstract: Short peptide of the formula:R.sup.a -Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-R.sup.b (I)where R.sup.a represents an amino terminal residue Ala- or D-Ala and R.sup.b represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr or -Thr amide or a derivative thereof with an additional Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a peptide of formula (II):R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 -R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 -R.sup.5 (II)where R.sup.l is an amino terminal residue Thr-, Ser-, Asn-, Leu-, Ile-, Arg- or Glu-R.sup.2 is Thr, Ser or AspR.sup.3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or TrpR.sup.4 is Tyrand R.sup.5 is a carboxy terminal amino group or a derivative thereof with a corresponding D- amino acid as the amino terminal residue, and/or a corresponding amide derivative at the carboxy terminal residue and/or additionally a Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.Such peptides bind to T4 receptors are useful in preventing viral infectivity by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors.

Abstract: Short peptide of the formula:R.sup.a -Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-R.sup.b (I)where R.sup.a represents an amino terminal residue Ala- or D-Ala and R.sup.b represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr or -Thr amide or a derivative thereof with an additional Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a peptide of formula (II):R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 -R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 -R.sup.5 (II)where R.sup.1 is an amino terminal residue Thr-, Ser-, Asn-, Leu-, Ile-, Arg- or Glu-R.sup.2 is Thr, Ser or AspR.sup.3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or TrpR.sup.4 is Tyrand R.sup.5 is a carboxy terminal amnio group or a derivative thereof with a corresponding D- amino acid as the amino terminal residue, and/or a corresponding amide derivative at the carboxy terminal residue and/or additionally a Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.Such peptides bind to T4 receptors are useful in preventing viral infectivity by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating neuroinflammatory degenerative diseases which are cytokine mediated. The method involves administration of an effective amount of Peptide T or a related Peptide to diminish, halt or reverse the patient's loss of function due to neuroinflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating diabetic and other non-HIV related neuropathic pain. The methods involve administration of an effective amount of defined linear peptides to patients. The peptides can be administered for example, as a powder or a solution obtained by dissolving a powder in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. Intranasal or sublingual administration of the defined peptides is the most preferred treatment.

Abstract: The treatment of human patients suffering from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with therapeutic amounts of certain small peptides which specifically utilizes peptide T (Ala-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), or a core pentapeptide selected from a peptide of the following formula:Thr-X-Y-Tyr-ThrwhereX and Y=any amino acid.gamma.=preferably AspThr.sub.1 may be repalced by D-AlaA preferred regimen for utilization of peptide T, a preferred peptide treating agent, is 1 mg twice daily for one week followed by 2 mg twice daily for three weeks, constituting an initial dosage regimen which may be repeated. This regimen has resulted in substantial increase in total white cell count assay, thus combatting the deleterious effect of the AIDS virus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to Cholic, Chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid derivatives of a peptide having the sequence: Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-amide and use thereof in inducing analgesia.

Abstract: Short peptide of the formula:R.sup.a -Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-R.sup.b (I)where R.sup.a represents an amino terminal residue Ala- or D-Ala and R.sup.b represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr or -Thr amide or a derivative thereof with an additional Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a peptide of formula (II):R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 -R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 -R.sup.5 (II)whereR.sup.1 is an amino terminal residue Thr-, Ser-, Asn-,Leu-,Ile-,Arg- or Glu-R.sup.2 is Thr, Ser or AspR.sup.3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or TrpR.sup.4 is Tyr andR.sup.5 is a carboxy terminal amino group or a derivative thereof with a corresponding D- amino acid as the amino terminal residue, and/or a corresponding amide derivative at the carboxy terminal residue and/or additionally a Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals,or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.Such peptides bind to T4 receptors are useful in preventing viral infectivity by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors.