Abstract: A method of enhancing the dewatering of a paper sheet on a paper machine comprising adding to the paper sheet about 0.05 lb/ton to about 15 lb/ton, based on dry fiber, of one or more aldehyde functionalized polymers comprising amino or amido groups wherein at least about 15 mole percent of the amino or amido groups are functionalized by reacting with one or more aldehydes and wherein the aldehyde functionalized polymers have a molecular weight of at least about 100,000.

Abstract: A structured water soluble polymer produced by polymerization of amine-containing monomers or pre-formed polymers is described. Various structured polymers are prepared and characterized. The structured polymers are particularly valued in the papermaking industry.

Abstract: A method of operating a papermaking process containing a press section with at least one press nip is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of operating a papermaking process containing a press section with at least one press nip is disclosed.

Abstract: The inventors have discovered a new method of treating paper machine white water aqueous systems and surfaces in the paper machine white water aqueous systems that prevents or inhibits the adhesion of bacterial cells to the surfaces and thereby controls the biological fouling of the surfaces. The process comprises adding to the aqueous system an adhesion-inhibiting amount of vinyl cationic polymer. This method effectively inhibits the adhesion of the bacterial cells to exposed surfaces without killing the fouling organisms and also without harming non-target organisms. In addition, the method of the present invention advantageously does not cause the formation of harmful substances in the effluent from the systems treated.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling anionic trash and pitch deposition and treating coated broke which comprises the step of adding a polyammonium quaternary to a pulp and papermaking system. The polyammonium quaternary, which may be either branched or crosslinked, comprises at least one cationic monomer, preferably diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and at least one branching or crosslinking monomer, preferably N,N,N-triallylamine or N,N,N-triallylamine hydrochloride.

Abstract: DADMAC containing polymers, both homopolymers and copolymers are used in effective coagulating amounts to treat cellulosic fibres recycled from coated broke recovery. The DADMAC containing polymers are either homopolymers or are preferably copolymers containing acrylamide. Recycle of coated broke can cause difficulties when the fibres are recycled to the paper manufacturing process because the coatings contain binders which cause what is referred to as "white pitch", the accumulation of which can cause holes in the paper, build-up of residues and sticky masses, and clogging of felts and the like in the manufacture of paper. The use of the DADMAC polymers eliminates this difficulty in making paper from recycled cellulose fibres ottained from coated broke recycle.

Abstract: Hydrophobic cationic terpolymers of monomers of (a) acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, (b) dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate methyl chloride and/or dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate methyl sulfate, and (c) vinyl acetate; water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions containing said terpolymers; and dewatering of wastes and sludges utilizing said oil-in-water emulsions in which the terpolymers are present essentially in the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Hydrophobic cationic terpolymers resulting from the polymerization of a mixture of monomers of (a) acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, (b) dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride and/or dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl sulfate, and (c) vinyl acetate; water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions containing said terpolymers; and dewatering of wastes and sludges utilizing said oil-in-water emulsions in which the terpolymers are present essentially in the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Co-polymers of diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride with up to 30 mole percent of a water soluble anionic monomer such as acrylic acid are superior coagulants for deinking process waters.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for production of fuels by photoelectrolysis of water and photooxidation of water soluble biomass and a process for preparation of Schottky-type metalized, appropriately doped n-type semiconductor photochemical diodes suitable for use in the above process and apparatus. The production of hydrogen by photoelectrolysis of water as the cathodic reaction of an optically illuminated photochemical diode is effected in an aqueous electrolyte which comprises a biomass product which may be monosaccharides, polysaccharides, lignins, their partially oxidized products, and mixtures thereof which are oxidized as the anodic reaction of the photochemical diode producing liquid fuels and useful chemicals. Molecular oxygen evolution is avoided and utilization of biomass product provides a cost effective material to increase fuels and useful chemical production by photoelectrolysis of water at potentials substantially less than required for normal water electrolysis involving oxygen evolution.

Abstract: A process for hydrogen production by water electrolysis and a process of depolarizing the anode of a water electrolysis cell by oxidizing a biomass product which may be monosaccharides, lignins, and mixtures thereof. The process of this invention avoids molecular oxygen evolution and results in high purity hydrogen at cell potentials substantially less than required for normal water electrolysis involving oxygen evolution. The process utilizes biomass products which are readily available and cost effective. High consumption of biomass product is achieved with an anode of lead-rich ruthenium polychlore compounds.

Abstract: A continuous electrolyte flow electrochemical cell having an outer tubular shaped electrode, a central electron conducting current collector shaft extending through the central portion of the tubular electrode, the current collector shaft having projecting radially therefrom a plurality of electron conducting extensions spaced to permit flow of liquid electrolyte therethrough forming a counterelectrode. In a preferred embodiment the outer tubular electrode is separated from the inner counterelectrode by a concentric tubular shaped separator permitting separated flow of two electrolytes therethrough, one through the annular electrolyte space between the separator and the electrode, and a second through the tubular counterelectrode chamber within the separator. The invention provides a high efficiency, continuous electrolyte flow electrochemical cell particularly well suited for use in heterogeneous electrochemical reaction processes, such as coal depolarized water electrolysis.

Abstract: This invention relates to lithium-germanium containing electrodes for electrical energy storage batteries, batteries containing such electrodes and a process for fabrication of such electrodes from materials in the charged and uncharged state. The electro-chemically active material may be a binary alloy of lithium-germanium or ternary alloys of lithium-germanium-silicon and lithium-germanium-aluminum. Negative electrodes for electrical storage batteries fabricated according to this invention provide batteries having improved stability over prior art lithium containing electrodes and provides a particularly advantageous negative electrode for use in lithium-metal sulfide batteries having improved stability.

Abstract: A process for hydrogen production by water electrolysis and a process of depolarizing the anode of a water electrolysis cell by oxidizing a biomass product which may be monosaccharides, lignins, and mixtures thereof. The process of this invention avoids molecular oxygen evolution and results in high purity hydrogen at cell potentials substantially less than required for normal water electrolysis involving oxygen evolution. The process utilizes biomass products which are readily available and cost effective.