Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using two or more tracer measurements of isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. Qualitative source identification is provided. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for protecting a tree or plant or harvest product from acquiring a plant pathogen carried by insects through the application of pyroligneous acid composition diluted in water. The methods include subjecting a lignocellulosic biomass to a pyrolysis process and passing an exhaust gas of the pyrolysis process through a condensing column thereby producing the pyroligneous acid composition. The composition is applied to objects, areas, or the surfaces of trees or plants to repel the insects thereby minimizing production loss and preventing the tree or plant or harvest product from acquiring the plant pathogen.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. Qualitative source identification is provided. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using two or more tracer measurements of isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. Qualitative source identification is provided. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. Qualitative source identification is provided. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

Abstract: A multi-well filtration or solid phase extraction apparatus is provided which generally includes a vacuum collar adapted to be interconnected between a conventional 96-well sample application plate, or separation plate, and a 96-well collection plate. The vacuum collar provides an interface chamber between these plates through which a vacuum can be applied to assist in the filtration process. The collection plate may include a vent opening providing a direct communication between the interface chamber and a vacuum assembly air intake, when the collection plate is disposed on top of the vacuum assembly in a stacked configuration, thereby eliminating any need for separate vacuum manifolds or connectors.

Abstract: A multi-well filtration or solid phase extraction apparatus is provided which generally includes a vacuum collar adapted to be interconnected between a conventional 96-well sample application plate, or separation plate, and a 96-well collection plate. The vacuum collar provides an interface chamber between these plates through which a vacuum can be applied to assist in the filtration process. The collection plate may include a vent opening providing a direct communication between the interface chamber and a vacuum assembly air intake, when the collection plate is disposed on top of the vacuum assembly in a stacked configuration, thereby eliminating any need for separate vacuum manifolds or connectors.