Abstract: An electrokinetic apparatus to apply medicament to a treatment site of a mammalian user, the apparatus including: a segmented active electrode; a medicament matrix having one side abutting the segmented active electrode and another side adapted to contact a surface of skin over the treatment site, wherein the matrix includes at least one current direction barrier suppressing transverse current flow through the matrix.

Abstract: An electrokinetic apparatus to apply medicament to a treatment site of a mammalian user, the apparatus including: a flux concentrator including an active electrode and a counter electrode adapted to be applied to the surface of a toenail or fingernail of the user, and a medicament matrix adjacent the active electrode and arranged to be sandwiched between the active electrode and nail.

Abstract: A method to electrokinetically deliver a medicament to a nail of a mammalian user including: forming a cast of the nail of the user wherein the cast is a reverse impression of the nail; applying a medicament matrix to the nail; sandwiching the medicament matrix between the cast and the nail; pressing the medicament matrix to the nail using the cast; applying electrical current to an electrical current path extending through the medicament matrix and the nail, and delivering medicament from the matrix into the nail by electrokinetic transporting the medicament along the current path.

Abstract: An electrokinetic apparatus to apply medicament to a treatment site of a mammalian user, the apparatus including: a segmented active electrode; a medicament matrix having one side abutting the segmented active electrode and another side adapted to contact a surface of skin over the treatment site, wherein the matrix includes at least one current direction barrier suppressing transverse current flow through the matrix.

Abstract: An electrokinetic apparatus to apply medicament to a treatment site of a mammalian user, the apparatus including: a flux concentrator including an active electrode and a counter electrode adapted to be applied to the surface of a toenail or fingernail of the user, and a medicament matrix adjacent the active electrode and arranged to be sandwiched between the active electrode and nail.

Abstract: An applicator cartridge for use with a device for electrokinetically delivering a medicament to a treatment site, the cartridge including: an applicator head including an active electrode, and a conductive path extending between a pair of electrical contacts, wherein the electrical contacts electrically engage respective contacts on the device when the cartridge is inserted into the device; a matrix support surface of said applicator head adjacent the active electrode; a matrix attached to the matrix support surface and in contact with the active electrode, the matrix having an exposed surface adapted to be applied to the treatment site; a medicament or a medicament and an electrically conductive carrier carried by said matrix; a removable lid covering the exposed surface of the matrix and sealed to the applicator head, the lid is conductively coupled to the applicator head and completes the conductive path on the applicator head, wherein removal of the lid breaks the conductive path.

Abstract: An apparatus to monitor current density in the application of medicament to a treatment site of a mammalian user of a electrokinetic device including: an applicator cartridge including an active electrode, a matrix carrying a medicament or a medicament and an electrically conductive carrier; a device including an electrical power source connectable to the active electrode, a counter electrode, and an electronic circuit configured to control the application of electrical current through the active electrode to establish a conductive path extending from the power source, through the active electrode, matrix, the treatment site, the user and the counter electrode electrically connected to the power source, and an array of contacts monitoring current density flowing through the matrix and to the treatment site, wherein the array of sensors are arranged monitor the current density at various locations of the matrix and a contact area between the matrix and skin above the treatment site.

Abstract: A software-controlled, external programmer for transcutaneously programming and receiving data from an implanted medical device providing a real-time indication of the implanted medical device RF telemetry signal strength to the user of the device programmer while automatically optimizing gain level to minimize interference in the presence of noise. The method and apparatus involves monitoring the validity of received intervals or frames uplinked from the implanted medical device to adjust the gain of the RF amplifier in a pre-determined range. When noise is detected, indicating a relatively small signal-to-noise ratio, the automatic gain control (AGC) level is decreased, effectively tracking this condition. Similarly, lack of any signal of loss of individual RF pulses causes the AGC level to be increased.