Abstract: A method for the same-day permanent waving and coloring of hair ("same-day" meaning during a twenty-four hour period and preferably during a single session of only a few hours), which can provide to the hair improved shape retention, color receptivity, color stability, color retention, color evenness, color depth, shine, strength, softness, luster, and/or elasticity. After initial preparation (shampooing, treating with a pre-wrap, and placing on rods if the hair is to be curled), the hair is processed using a waving agent (e.g., thioglycolate), the excess is preferably removed, contacted with a first composition, the excess preferably removed, optionally but preferably contacted with a second composition, heated to dry the hair, and then contacted with a coloring composition containing an oxidative colorant and an oxidizing agent, the oxidizing agent helping develop the color and rebond the hair. The first and second compositions each contain a biologically acceptable metal (preferably a polyvalent metal, e.

Abstract: A composition and a method for treating hair are disclosed. The composition improves properties such as the hand (feel), curl retention, color receptivity, color retention, shine, and strength of the hair and the compositions can be used to prevent or repair damage to hair caused by hair treating processes (e.g., hair waving and coloring). The composition is useful in a rinse-free waving process, that is, a permanent waving process in which the intermediate rinse between the reducing step (the waving step) and the oxidizing step (the neutralization step) is omitted. The composition is also useful in a coloring process and in a one-day combined rinse-free waving and coloring process. The composition contains (1) an alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium or calcium), zinc, or aluminum, preferably in the form of a water-soluble salt (e.g., magnesium sulfate), (2) a low molecular weight sulfur-containing material that can form disulfide bonds involving the keratin of the hair (e.g.