Abstract: A system for controlling an animal includes a radio signal receiver unit which is attached to the animal. The receiver includes an antenna assembly, a resonant filter, an amplifier, and a transducer for applying a motivational stimulus to the animal. A microcontroller selectively activates the components of the receiver according to a control sequence. The microcontroller performs a multi-stage authentication procedure in order to determine the presence of characteristic properties of the received signal prior to operating the transducer. The transducer includes a speaker circuit for applying audible stimulation, and a transformer circuit for applying electrical stimulation. The type of stimulation and the duration of stimulation may be selected according to control parameters used in conjunction with the control sequence.

Abstract: A range tone system for determining the range between a satellite or spacecraft and a ground station FM modulates one of a 3968 Hz, 283 Hz or 35 Hz range tone onto a 27.77 Khz range tone. Modulation is accomplished by simultaneously addressing a plurality of PROMs by related clocks. The PROMs are preprogrammed with data representing the 27.77 KHz tone frequency-modulated by another range tone. Narrow-band filtering recovers the 27.77 KHz range tone from the received signal, and frequency demodulation coupled with narrowband filtering recovers the lower-frequency tone. The two recovered tones are processed simultaneously to provide both high resolution range information together with ambiguity resolution.