Abstract: An extracellular vesicle includes an exogenous therapeutic component. The exogenous therapeutic component can include a therapeutic polypeptide, a polynucleotide that encodes a therapeutic polypeptide, a therapeutic nucleic acid, or a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the extracellular vesicle includes an exosome or purified exosome product (PEP).

Abstract: A circular RNA molecule generally includes at least one coding region and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) operably linked to the coding region. The RNA may be more resistant to digestion by an RNA endonuclease that a linear form of the circular RNA. In another aspect, a polynucleotide generally includes a transcription unit and a promoter operably linked to the transcription unit. The transcription unit includes a circularizing element, at least one coding region and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) operably linked to the coding region. When transcribed by a cell, the transcribed RNA forms a circular RNA molecule.

Abstract: An extracellular vesicle includes an exogenous therapeutic component. The exogenous therapeutic component can include a therapeutic polypeptide, a polynucleotide that encodes a therapeutic polypeptide, a therapeutic nucleic acid, or a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the extracellular vesicle includes an exosome or purified exosome product (PEP).

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are provided for various pricing techniques. Initially, data associated with a sale of goods or services may be received. A plurality of values associated with the sale of goods or services may then be calculated based on the received data. At least one of the values is then optionally compared to a low threshold and at least one of the values is also optionally compared to a high threshold, although any threshold may be used. Even still, the threshold may be altered based on the received data. Consequently, the price of the goods or services may also be altered based on the comparisons, wherein the price may be altered, at least in part, in a random manner. Further, the altered price may be output.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are provided for various pricing techniques. Initially, data associated with a sale of goods or services may be received. A plurality of values associated with the sale of goods or services may then be calculated based on the received data. At least one of the values is then optionally compared to a low threshold and at least one of the values is also optionally compared to a high threshold, although any threshold may be used. Even still, the threshold may be altered based on the received data. Consequently, the price of the goods or services may also be altered based on the comparisons, wherein the price may be altered, at least in part, in a random manner. Further, the altered price may be output.