Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing ionic liquids and ionic solids which takes recourse to a novel, especially modular production process. According to the inventive method, those salts from an ionic carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate precursor (cationic synthesis module) are produced that comprise the desired quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium or the analogous quaternary heteroaromatic cation. This precursor can be produced and stored efficiently and with a high degree of purity. The actual process for producing the desired ionic compound, which comprises the introduction of the desired anion, is, unlike generic production processes known so far, flexible, fast and generally applicable. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate anion is completely removed in the form of a gaseous carbon dioxide by reaction with any Brønsted acid (anionic synthesis module) and is replaced by the anion that is conjugated to acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diamond electrode with synthetically produced, electrically conductive (doped) diamonds. The surface has diamond particles (5) embedded in a metal or metal alloy layer so as to produce a conductive connection to the metal or metal alloy.