Abstract: Methods for removing anions from an aqueous solution include contacting the aqueous solution with an initial organic phase composition in a primary stage to form a first mixture, the initial organic phase composition including a quaternary amine and a weak organic acid; separating a nitrate-depleted raffinate from the first mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase (now containing nitrate) with a first basic solution to obtain a second mixture; separating an aqueous phase sulfate-containing scrub solution from the second mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase with a second basic solution to form a third mixture; and separating the third mixture into an aqueous phase nitrate-rich solution and a secondary organic phase composition. The secondary organic phase composition can be recycled. The raffinate, the sulfate-containing scrub solution, and the nitrate-rich solution can then be further processed.

Abstract: Methods for removing anions from an aqueous solution include contacting the aqueous solution with an initial organic phase composition in a primary stage to form a first mixture, the initial organic phase composition including a quaternary amine and a weak organic acid; separating a nitrate-depleted raffinate from the first mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase (now containing nitrate) with a first basic solution to obtain a second mixture; separating an aqueous phase sulfate-containing scrub solution from the second mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase with a second basic solution to form a third mixture; and separating the third mixture into an aqueous phase nitrate-rich solution and a secondary organic phase composition. The secondary organic phase composition can be recycled. The raffinate, the sulfate-containing scrub solution, and the nitrate-rich solution can then be further processed.

Abstract: Methods for removing anions from an aqueous solution include contacting the aqueous solution with an initial organic phase composition in a primary stage to form a first mixture, the initial organic phase composition including a quaternary amine and a weak organic acid; separating a nitrate-depleted raffinate from the first mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase (now containing nitrate) with a first basic solution to obtain a second mixture; separating an aqueous phase sulfate-containing scrub solution from the second mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase with a second basic solution to form a third mixture; and separating the third mixture into an aqueous phase nitrate-rich solution and a secondary organic phase composition. The secondary organic phase composition can be recycled. The raffinate, the sulfate-containing scrub solution, and the nitrate-rich solution can then be further processed.

Abstract: Methods for removing anions from an aqueous solution include contacting the aqueous solution with an initial organic phase composition in a primary stage to form a first mixture, the initial organic phase composition including a quaternary amine and a weak organic acid; separating a nitrate-depleted raffinate from the first mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase (now containing nitrate) with a first basic solution to obtain a second mixture; separating an aqueous phase sulfate-containing scrub solution from the second mixture; mixing the remaining organic phase with a second basic solution to form a third mixture; and separating the third mixture into an aqueous phase nitrate-rich solution and a secondary organic phase composition. The secondary organic phase composition can be recycled. The raffinate, the sulfate-containing scrub solution, and the nitrate-rich solution can then be further processed.

Abstract: An anti-serial cascade circuit including two silicon carbide JFETs and two silicon MOSFETs is known. Disclosed is a combination of a JFET, a smart power MOSFET SPM and a thyristor with an associated trigger circuit, which is connected in parallel to the SPM. According to an embodiment of the invention, a logic circuit co-ordinates the functional sequence.

Abstract: An anti-serial cascade circuit including two silicon carbide JFETs and two silicon MOSFETs is known. Disclosed is a combination of a JFET, a smart power MOSFET SPM and a thyristor with an associated trigger circuit, which is connected in parallel to the SPM. According to an embodiment of the invention, a logic circuit co-ordinates the functional sequence.

Abstract: An aim is to make wiring accessories in distribution boards more compact. The aim is achieved by integrating fuses in switching protective devices that are used for functional switching, interrupting, and overload protection such that switching protective devices including fuses can be produced in a housing while short-circuit protection can be coupled to the interruption function if necessary by isolating one fuse from the contact/s.

Abstract: Disclosed is an overcurrent protection circuit including an overcurrent trip and a switching element. A switched current passing through the switching element can be detected by the overcurrent trip and the switching element can be tripped to open if the switched current fulfils a tripping requirement. A current limiter is series-connected downstream of the switching element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an overcurrent protection circuit comprising an overcurrent trip (5) and a switching element (6). A switched current (I) passing through the switching element (6) can be detected by the overcurrent trip (5) and the switching element (6) can be tripped to open if said switched current (I) fulfils a tripping requirement. A current limiter (7) is series-connected downstream of the switching element (6).